Edmunds dealer partner, Bayway Leasing, is now offering transparent lease deals via these forums. Click here to see the latest vehicles!

What Would It Take for YOU to buy a diesel car?

1372373375377378473

Comments

  • steverstever Guest Posts: 52,454
    edited January 2016
    Saved the best for last:

    "It's a great time to buy a used/ new TDI!"

    Ruking says diesel has a future in the U.S. (Edmunds.com)

    :D
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    Well what you expect Bosch and Audi execs to say? I hope they're right, as variety is the spice of life.

    I thought the discussion with Mazda was pretty interesting. Basically Mazda was saying that they didn't bring a diesel version of the Mazda6 to the USA because they weren't able to meet emissions standards AND reach their performance goals. When they boosted performance, they didn't meet U.S. emissions standards. When they met the U.S. standards (which they accomplished), they couldn't meet the performance goals unless they resorted to external after-combustion devices (like MB does, etc).

    I found this interesting because it illuminates the VW motive to defraud its customers. It was the only way to get their current TDIs (current at that time I mean) to meet standards without external devices.

    The new TDIs do conform, as they have a different engine in 2015/16, but for some reason the U.S. won't let them be available for sale. I have no idea why these sales are being held up.

    The PM journalist by the way, has always been a strong diesel advocate, as he mentions, so I don't think charges of bias apply. He may be wrong but I think he's being fair enough.
  • texasestexases Member Posts: 10,708
    The fact that the Cruze diesel has lost most of its mpg advantage over the 'Eco' gasser (as did the TDI Jetta over the 1.4 l turbo gasser) makes the extra $$ for a diesel harder to justify in small cars. Not the same for a pickup or midsize+ SUV.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    Bottom line: Simply a NO story! BUT loads in the Horse S--- & GUN SMOKE department ! There are no real basis in #'s! So, while a much higher diesel car PVF %: like Europes' 51% plus would seriously DROP the barrels of oil demand , it is easy to see that a US PVF gas % of 95% to 97% is geared for more gas use & GREATER barrels of oil demand! ! What about a very long time DIESEL small niche market (3% to5%) is difficult to understand?
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    VW's new Jetta SE 1.4T might put a serious dent in any future TDI sales, with 39 mpg highway, (2014 Jetta TDI was 42 mpg hiway) and lots of Tech features standard at around $22,000 MSRP--about $5K less than the '14 TDI.

  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016

    VW's new Jetta SE 1.4T might put a serious dent in any future TDI sales, with 39 mpg highway, (2014 Jetta TDI was 42 mpg hiway) and lots of Tech features standard at around $22,000 MSRP--about $5K less than the '14 TDI.

    To be fair, VW needs to increase their 2016/2017/2018 MY's sales volumes and percentages with or without diesel. The VW diesel ban currently, even as they meet the certifications is one form of EPA/CARB punishment and a bargaining chip for FINES to be levied. So really, this is a seriously GREAT time for VW's diesel competitors! This would tend to increase diesel sales volume, aks a slow rise in diesel %.
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    edited January 2016
    Well former TDI shoppers aren't going to cross-shop Mercedes so that doesn't leave them too many places to go. The Cruze diesel is certainly a competitor in price, power and economy. Last I read, no manual transmission though.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016

    Well former TDI shoppers aren't going to cross-shop Mercedes so that doesn't leave them too many places to go.

    To state the obvious, I/We did. The waters are just fine! I'm not so sure the other diesel OEMs are targeting former to potential VW 2.0 L TDI owners! Some of the reasons are obvious and not so obvious. Audi (another VW company) would be another logical "go to" choice . My guess is not much is happening on the Audi side.
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    It's not obvious to me though why a cross shopper would be pricing Car B with an MSRP 2X that of Car A? If that's the latitude of "cross-shopping" then everyone is a cross shopper on every car.
  • MichaellMichaell Moderator Posts: 241,232

    It's not obvious to me though why a cross shopper would be pricing Car B with an MSRP 2X that of Car A? If that's the latitude of "cross-shopping" then everyone is a cross shopper on every car.

    Exactly .. I've got a budget and Audi, BMW and MB are not in it.

    Edmunds Price Checker
    Edmunds Lease Calculator
    Did you get a good deal? Be sure to come back and let us know! Post a pic of your new purchase or lease!


    MODERATOR

    2015 Subaru Outback 3.6R / 2014 MINI Countryman S ALL4

  • steverstever Guest Posts: 52,454
    How about comparing one that has an invoice 50% higher than another? I just priced out a Soul and Encore and Prius ten minutes ago, and the spread on the base models is $20k to $30k. Not two times, but a pretty significant jump, and more that the typical diesel "tax" for like models.
  • andres3andres3 Member Posts: 13,729
    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?
    '15 Audi Misano Red Pearl S4, '16 Audi TTS Daytona Gray Pearl, Wife's '19 VW Tiguan SEL 4-Motion
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    stever said:

    How about comparing one that has an invoice 50% higher than another? I just priced out a Soul and Encore and Prius ten minutes ago, and the spread on the base models is $20k to $30k. Not two times, but a pretty significant jump, and more that the typical diesel "tax" for like models.

    This is a very significant point! The spreads on gassers have been/ remain/are far greater than the "diesel" premium.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    andres3 said:

    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?

    Again, a very significant point, but I don't think the volume is compelling!? It is also compelling that the 1.4 L T did not get the DSG, or a stout 7 to 8 sped A/T!
  • MichaellMichaell Moderator Posts: 241,232
    andres3 said:

    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?

    The 1.4T gets a conventional 6-speed automatic, not the DSG.

    I wouldn't miss it. The one test drive I took with a car equipped with the DSG, I didn't much care for the "feel" of the transmission. Plus the extra maintenance costs associated with it.

    Edmunds Price Checker
    Edmunds Lease Calculator
    Did you get a good deal? Be sure to come back and let us know! Post a pic of your new purchase or lease!


    MODERATOR

    2015 Subaru Outback 3.6R / 2014 MINI Countryman S ALL4

  • MichaellMichaell Moderator Posts: 241,232
    stever said:

    How about comparing one that has an invoice 50% higher than another? I just priced out a Soul and Encore and Prius ten minutes ago, and the spread on the base models is $20k to $30k. Not two times, but a pretty significant jump, and more that the typical diesel "tax" for like models.

    The high end versions of the Encore and Prius can easily surpass the $30K barrier; the Soul can get into the upper $20's with all the packages added in.

    Edmunds Price Checker
    Edmunds Lease Calculator
    Did you get a good deal? Be sure to come back and let us know! Post a pic of your new purchase or lease!


    MODERATOR

    2015 Subaru Outback 3.6R / 2014 MINI Countryman S ALL4

  • gagricegagrice Member Posts: 31,450
    Diesel gate has to be a real liberal dilemma. Do we continue to go after high CO2 producing gas vehicles or do we chase the boogie man NOx?

    I followed a large stake bed truck this morning, until I was able to get around it on Interstate 8. The license plate was too dirty to tell where he was from. It had two exhaust stacks and was spewing black soot in enormous amounts. Really smelled bad. I just wondered if he was putting out more NOx & PM than all the VW TDI vehicles combined. I suspect he was up from Mexico. We get a lot of them. I have never seen one pulled over by the CHP.
  • gagricegagrice Member Posts: 31,450
    stever said:

    "Robert Bosch, a key supplier of diesel components to Volkswagen, has gone public with a vigorous defense of the technology, even as VW remains embroiled in a dispute with U.S. regulators over the steps it must take to fix its diesel emissions systems."

    Bosch says diesel has a future in the U.S. (Automotive News)

    This statement from Bosch is exactly what I was saying above. Meeting strict CO2 regs to limit GW may not happen without diesel cars.

    If diesels' share of European sales falls below 45 percent or so, Degenhart said, "it would have a very negative consequence for the automakers. They would have a serious problem meeting the 2020 goals" for carbon dioxide reduction.

    Of course the US is great at Kicking the can on down the road, whatever the issue may be.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    Perhaps that is the real plan, to totally exceed the 2020 CO2 standards & by a whole lot! The US PVF diesel @ 3 to 5% is no where near Europe's 51% diesel!
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    andres3 said:

    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?

    Not sure there's any extra oomph there...the 0-60 times for the '14 TDI and '16 SE are about the same. The transmission listed is a "6-speed automatic" but I didn't see anything about DSG so far. The 1.4T is a fairly zippy little engine, at least compared to the old 2.0 (woof, woof!).



  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    I am sure! The torque is still 236 # ft versus 184 # ft of torque. Try to add 52# ft of torque to a gasser to match the diesel output, and the numbers become very clear!
  • steverstever Guest Posts: 52,454
    Probably have to go to a pure EV to trump others on torque.
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    Well the stats don't see much of a difference in real world acceleration, (perhaps .3 or .4 of a second zero-60) although I'm sure the two cars "feel" different---less turbo lag for instance on the TDI, but also less rev-happy as the engines both wind up.

    As nice as the extra torque is on a TDI, it's not like an EV, with all the torque pretty much the moment you step on the gas.

    The advantages of the more efficient diesel engine don't jump out at most people.

  • texasestexases Member Posts: 10,708
    The difference in CO2 emissions isn't as great as the mpg difference. Diesel puts out about 20% more CO2 per gallon used than E10 gasoline, so a diesel car has to make 20% better mpgs to break even on CO2. I don't doubt that the warped EU mileage figures over-exaggerate the differences.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    stever said:

    Probably have to go to a pure EV to trump others on torque.

    Per se yes, but there are a lot of disadvantages.

  • gagricegagrice Member Posts: 31,450
    Wonder if this is a VW diesel.

    http://trailerassist.volkswagen.no/en/
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    ruking1 said:

    stever said:

    Probably have to go to a pure EV to trump others on torque.

    Per se yes, but there are a lot of disadvantages.

    I like to think of the Tesla S as a Mercedes diesel but with a 9 gallon gas tank and a 1/8th inch diameter filler neck :D
  • andres3andres3 Member Posts: 13,729
    Michaell said:

    andres3 said:

    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?

    The 1.4T gets a conventional 6-speed automatic, not the DSG.

    I wouldn't miss it. The one test drive I took with a car equipped with the DSG, I didn't much care for the "feel" of the transmission. Plus the extra maintenance costs associated with it.
    What was that one DSG vehicle test drive in? I have to admit, the TDI DSG is a lot lazier in "D" mode than I'd like, but I guess that's how they squeeze the EPA for great fuel economy numbers. Maintenance costs of the DSG are probably greatly outweighed by the fuel savings vs. conventional 6-speed auto.
    '15 Audi Misano Red Pearl S4, '16 Audi TTS Daytona Gray Pearl, Wife's '19 VW Tiguan SEL 4-Motion
  • MichaellMichaell Moderator Posts: 241,232
    andres3 said:

    Michaell said:

    andres3 said:

    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?

    The 1.4T gets a conventional 6-speed automatic, not the DSG.

    I wouldn't miss it. The one test drive I took with a car equipped with the DSG, I didn't much care for the "feel" of the transmission. Plus the extra maintenance costs associated with it.
    What was that one DSG vehicle test drive in? I have to admit, the TDI DSG is a lot lazier in "D" mode than I'd like, but I guess that's how they squeeze the EPA for great fuel economy numbers. Maintenance costs of the DSG are probably greatly outweighed by the fuel savings vs. conventional 6-speed auto.
    I test drove a used CC with the DSG a few years back. Have they been improved since then?

    Edmunds Price Checker
    Edmunds Lease Calculator
    Did you get a good deal? Be sure to come back and let us know! Post a pic of your new purchase or lease!


    MODERATOR

    2015 Subaru Outback 3.6R / 2014 MINI Countryman S ALL4

  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    I think a DSG and diesel turbo are a very nice marriage of technologies.
  • steverstever Guest Posts: 52,454
    Heh, it's not too often that New Mexico is first in something:

    "New Mexico is suing Volkswagen and other German automakers over an emissions cheating scandal that involves millions of cars worldwide, the first state to do so but almost certainly not the last.

    “Supported by a massive advertising campaign, defendants claimed that superior engineering allowed their cars to perform better, consume less fuel and emit fewer harmful pollutants than diesel cars of the past, making them a great fit for eco-conscious consumers. In fact, the complete opposite was true,” the lawsuit states."

    New Mexico sues Volkswagen over emissions scandal (Las Cruces Sun News)
  • fintailfintail Member Posts: 57,162
    edited January 2016
    Ah the well funded public sector prosecutor warriors, looking for attention and ego.

    From what I know, the cars performed better, consumed less fuel, and emitted less pollutants than old diesels - no matter if they cheated or not. Sounds kind of tenuous. Gotta get in on the gravy train, I suppose.
  • texasestexases Member Posts: 10,708
    All lawsuits are based on the laws of the day, not 20 years prior.
  • houdini1houdini1 Member Posts: 8,327
    stever said:

    Heh, it's not too often that New Mexico is first in something:

    "New Mexico is suing Volkswagen and other German automakers over an emissions cheating scandal that involves millions of cars worldwide, the first state to do so but almost certainly not the last.

    “Supported by a massive advertising campaign, defendants claimed that superior engineering allowed their cars to perform better, consume less fuel and emit fewer harmful pollutants than diesel cars of the past, making them a great fit for eco-conscious consumers. In fact, the complete opposite was true,” the lawsuit states."

    New Mexico sues Volkswagen over emissions scandal (Las Cruces Sun News)

    Hmmm...it would seem that all those things VW claimed, could, in fact, be well defended as being true.

    2013 LX 570 2016 LS 460

  • gagricegagrice Member Posts: 31,450
    stever said:

    Heh, it's not too often that New Mexico is first in something:

    "New Mexico is suing Volkswagen and other German automakers over an emissions cheating scandal that involves millions of cars worldwide, the first state to do so but almost certainly not the last.

    “Supported by a massive advertising campaign, defendants claimed that superior engineering allowed their cars to perform better, consume less fuel and emit fewer harmful pollutants than diesel cars of the past, making them a great fit for eco-conscious consumers. In fact, the complete opposite was true,” the lawsuit states."

    New Mexico sues Volkswagen over emissions scandal (Las Cruces Sun News)

    Silly New Mexico, just wasting tax payers money. They don't have a clue what the violation is if you can believe the lawsuit.

    Prosecutors say the vehicles exceeded average nitrogen oxides emission limits by as much as 30 to 40 percent. Such pollution contributes to smog and has been linked with serious health effects such as asthma attacks.

    Only place the test cars is Albuquerque. So how many vehicles we talking about a dozen?

    http://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/emission-testing.aspx
  • andres3andres3 Member Posts: 13,729
    edited January 2016
    Michaell said:

    andres3 said:

    Michaell said:

    andres3 said:

    I would think someone looking for a little extra oomph might still prefer the 2.0 TDI to the 1.4T, and then you get a couple extra MPG to boot? Also, does the 1.4T get the sophisticated DSG Auto or the antiquated 99 cent store slushbox?

    The 1.4T gets a conventional 6-speed automatic, not the DSG.

    I wouldn't miss it. The one test drive I took with a car equipped with the DSG, I didn't much care for the "feel" of the transmission. Plus the extra maintenance costs associated with it.
    What was that one DSG vehicle test drive in? I have to admit, the TDI DSG is a lot lazier in "D" mode than I'd like, but I guess that's how they squeeze the EPA for great fuel economy numbers. Maintenance costs of the DSG are probably greatly outweighed by the fuel savings vs. conventional 6-speed auto.
    I test drove a used CC with the DSG a few years back. Have they been improved since then?
    Depends on the car and the generation. Seems they always tend towards more smoothness in more modern examples; emulating normal automatics better. I absolutely love the 7-speed DSG iteration in my S4. Perfect transmission that helps me to achieve up to 30 MPG in a heavy fast car at high speed provided no one gets in my way.
    '15 Audi Misano Red Pearl S4, '16 Audi TTS Daytona Gray Pearl, Wife's '19 VW Tiguan SEL 4-Motion
  • texasestexases Member Posts: 10,708
    The DSG has its detractors - Car and Driver weren't fans of a prior years (rough clutch action), nor was Edmunds on their 2015 GTI:
    http://www.edmunds.com/volkswagen/golf-gti/2015/long-term-road-test/2015-volkswagen-golf-gti-could-be-slicker-in-the-city.html
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    stever said:

    Heh, it's not too often that New Mexico is first in something:

    "New Mexico is suing Volkswagen and other German automakers over an emissions cheating scandal that involves millions of cars worldwide, the first state to do so but almost certainly not the last.

    “Supported by a massive advertising campaign, defendants claimed that superior engineering allowed their cars to perform better, consume less fuel and emit fewer harmful pollutants than diesel cars of the past, making them a great fit for eco-conscious consumers. In fact, the complete opposite was true,” the lawsuit states."

    New Mexico sues Volkswagen over emissions scandal (Las Cruces Sun News)

    New Mexico is also in the Top Ten states for DUI convictions, so stand tall Steve! :)
  • texasestexases Member Posts: 10,708
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    There could be a silver lining in this for VW. They could shift all their diesel tech to larger vehicles only, like SUVs and CUVs.

    The reasoning behind this idea is that a small diesel car in 2016 offers little advantage, percentage wise, in HP or fuel economy, to a small gasoline car, whereas a diesel in a larger SUV gives a pretty big percentage boost in MPG and certainly move the Big Lump off the line a lot faster.

    One might speculate that VW would move into larger sedans, but Americans have soundly rejected large diesel luxury sedans, so I don't see that changing anytime soon.

  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    I would agree with the silver lining! I would only disagree with the small diesel conclusion. The MB 2.1 L BT engine. @ 369# ft of torque posts some serious grunt! If VW would match the grunt, I'd love that in the small car ! But yes I would agree it works in the CUV/SUV compact to full sized segment . Not fully germane to VWs marketing plan is the AM PVF is 25% small cars &75% mid sized cars to light trucks.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016

    There could be a silver lining in this for VW. They could shift all their diesel tech to larger vehicles only, like SUVs and CUVs.

    The reasoning behind this idea is that a small diesel car in 2016 offers little advantage, percentage wise, in HP or fuel economy, to a small gasoline car, whereas a diesel in a larger SUV gives a pretty big percentage boost in MPG and certainly move the Big Lump off the line a lot faster.

    One might speculate that VW would move into larger sedans, but Americans have soundly rejected large diesel luxury sedans, so I don't see that changing anytime soon.

    There are definitely silver linings. To only motivate larger cars would be a waste. I would disagree with your first premise, given the M B 2.1 L TwinTurbo BT (Blue Tec) 369# ft of torque! I'd love to have this in a (compact) small car! In many ways it would be ideal. Needless to say, a 1.5 L TDI option is also a very good mpg poster. But putting the right diesel engine in the CUV/SUV segment, compact to full sized makes all the sense in the world .

    Here might be a slant on why GM got so many get out of jail free cards ! https://www.yahoo.com/autos/it-s-obama-auto-industry-1347441215316022.html
  • andres3andres3 Member Posts: 13,729
    I wouldn't mind an A6 TDI luxury cruiser.
    '15 Audi Misano Red Pearl S4, '16 Audi TTS Daytona Gray Pearl, Wife's '19 VW Tiguan SEL 4-Motion
  • gagricegagrice Member Posts: 31,450
    edited January 2016
    There could be a silver lining in this for VW. They could shift all their diesel tech to larger vehicles only, like SUVs and CUVs.


    Fine with me, as I see little need for small cars, except golf carts. I would like to see a small PU with diesel. I also think the 2.1L MB diesel is a great engine. If VW were to be forced out of the market and bought back my Touareg TDI, I would head to my MB dealer and buy the GLE300 BlueTec. I would check out the GLC diesel as well. I like a bit more room. I am glad Mercedes is putting the smaller diesel into a midsized SUV.


  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    To Shifty's point, it bears mentioning diesels have been & remains & are a good fit for mid sized to full sized SUVs to light trucks. The 4,800 # 1994 TLC gets 12 to 16 mpg, call it 15 mpg. The 2012 VW Touareg TDI (4,980 #'s) posts 31 to 38 mpg, call it 33 mpg. 18 mpg/120% better is a pretty good improvement! If I didnt have the 30 year goal for the TLC's, I wouldn't look back! I'm glad the TLCs are "iconic", so no issues trying to sell it !

    So really, there's no issues in my mind about running the diesels out to 250,000 to 300,000 miles. At like miles, I'm having way LESS issues with the diesels than I do with the gassers!

    I should have done this in the first place, but I'm getting a full capacity rated 7,700# hitch set up installed !
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    The Mercedes GLE Blue Tec is a great setup. Little diesel cars aren't sports car. Giving them 300+ whatever ft. lbs of torque is pointless. Diesels are happiest moving big things around. You don't see diesel motorcycles or diesel runabouts.
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826

    The Mercedes GLE Blue Tec is a great setup. Little diesel cars aren't sports car. Giving them 300+ whatever ft. lbs of torque is pointless. Diesels are happiest moving big things around. You don't see diesel motorcycles or diesel runabouts.

    Well for sure, this is a issue that we agree to disagree. ;)
  • fintailfintail Member Posts: 57,162
    Have you seen any word that we will get the GLC diesel?
    gagrice said:


    Fine with me, as I see little need for small cars, except golf carts. I would like to see a small PU with diesel. I also think the 2.1L MB diesel is a great engine. If VW were to be forced out of the market and bought back my Touareg TDI, I would head to my MB dealer and buy the GLE300 BlueTec. I would check out the GLC diesel as well. I like a bit more room. I am glad Mercedes is putting the smaller diesel into a midsized SUV.

  • fintailfintail Member Posts: 57,162
    That's even more amusing. SK is an insanely nationalistic market - I can't imagine more than a handful of VAG diesels sell there. I guess this is a "show yourself" moment for the prosecutor class.
    texases said:
  • ruking1ruking1 Member Posts: 19,826
    edited January 2016
    Yep! IF they box us out of their country by tariffs, the least we can do is match or exceed their boxing out tariffs! It's time to stop making stooge deals ! The same is true with the Japanese, etc., OEM products ! We should begin by pulling our troops from places (like ROK & Japan) that seem not to be economically friendly to us.
This discussion has been closed.