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The fact is, that some Prius drivers do attain the EPA estimates and even surpass these estimates. There are some city commutes in which it is difficult for people to hit the estimates and others commutes where it may be easy to hit the estimates. My average for city driving is between 55 and 60, with my work commute of 10 miles at speeds of 35-45 generally gets above 60 mpg. No special techniques, just driving the speed limit or slightly above and coasting up to red lights.
To speak to your questioning of getting up to speed and letting off the accelerator to turn off the IC engine: This can be an effective strategy to use, as the car will decide if it needs the IC or not. One can only use the battery for a short distance at a time (maybe 3-4 miles at a time), but if you are coasting up to stoplights and such, you will be regaining some of the energy to be put back in your battery. Now it generally isn't the best method to try and make the car go into electric mode and continually deplete the battery if you aren't able to use regen to recharge the energy you are using.
Still, the most effective technique for mileage (the one that netted the 120 mpg tank) is the pulse and glide method, in which one does try to get the IC engine to turn off (but also involves much more than that).
It seems to me that the fairest way to calculate Prius mileage is to account for the charge state of the batteries. Of course, this is not something you can easily determine in an repeatable, accurate manner.
The batteries will drain to empty, hypothetically at least, under some of these fuel extending techniques. Eventually the batteries will have to be recharged but this fact goes unsaid when you calculate mileage simply by dividing gallons consumed into miles driven. Only long-term mileage results, then, will provide reasonable statements of actual mileage, not tank by tank results.
If recharging were continuous and at a steady rate, that logic would indeed be accurate. But in reality, the recharging varies so fast and so often that on-paper calculations are pretty much impossible. Witnessing the energy flow arrows change 20 times per minute is quite common... which isn't even remotely close to your assumption.
To further complicate the understanding, you also have to take into account that the engine is run at a RPM more efficient than usual. It's a gain that the PSD (Power Split Device) can exploit, but a traditional automatic transmission cannot.
JOHN
However, the Prius batteries will never drain to empty, unless perhaps it is driven with no gas until the battery is completely drained (which can cause damage to the battery). Under any other driving circumstances, the software works to keep the battery within a very narrow range of battery charge(I believe it is between 40%-80%). The battery by itself is only good for a couple of miles, so it will be charged and recharged many many times on a 400+ mile tank. Plus, if you stop for the night with a relatively low battery, the next mornings warm-up cycle(within the first five minutes of driving) will often charge it back up to the "normal" charge . So the idea of the mileage going siginficantly down when recharging the battery has little merit.
The only thing that really does influence the individual tank mpg is the effect of the gas bladder in the Prius. This can (but doesn't always) widely skew the calculated miles driven/gallons.
The parallel would be evaluating the claim that a certain complicated device was a "perpetual motion machine" based on involved drawings, equations, and written description. Most people nowadays would say you don't have to go through all the details to conclude that a given device will not run indefinitely without outside energy. I really did think that some of the practices which were claimed to produce a very high mpg were the equivalent of the techniques invoked in the claimed perpetual motion machines of earlier times.
When people actually did present actual machines that appeared to be able to run indefinitely, they were always found a have a hidden power source. So I thought it possible that not accounting for battery drain over a limited time period could give a falsely high mpg figure which some people could attribute to a special driving technique.
The fact that I myself have never experimented with a Prius means that my thoughts on the matter are casual musings. But a neighbor has one and he tells me he gets in the mid 40s mpg, not 60. Also I understand that the EPA is considering adopting a new mpg test in which the Prius and other hybrids don't get as high a city mileage estimate. I was just trying to reconcile all these facts.
I have this question about the behavior of the Prius: If you a traveling for a prolonged period at a constant speed of say 40 mph with the a/c off will the IC engine cycle on and off?
Yes, depending on the horsepower requirements. For downhill, ICE would shut off. For incline hills, requesting more than 16 hp will turn the ICE on. The reason is that Atkinson cycle ICE efficiency drops below 36% (still better than Otto cycle optimal efficiency) thermal efficiency for making less than 16 hp. The HV battery is there to fulfill that power.
Dennis
What I don't get is what happens to the fuel in that part of the intake charge that is pushed back into the manifold. Does it just go into the next cylinder in the firing order? Does this mean that there is always some fuel in the intake manifold upstream of the injectors? Would direct injection significantly improve the fuel handling in an Atkinson cycle engine, or would this not be worth the expense of the direct injection system?
What exactly is the effective compression ratio in the current Prius?
http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/environment/ths2/engine.html
I got 51.6 mpg in my last tank. Mostly highway miles at 60-75 mph on LIE. I also make short trips for lunch with 3-4 adults. This is with less than 1k on my ODO and breakin initial oil. Very impressive.
Dennis
Your neighbor's city experience is by no means invalid, just as my experience in the city is not invalid. However, both are just one set of driving conditions that may or may not be representative of many other people's driving conditions. The best way to get an idea is to look at the user mpg on www.fueleconomy.gov or the database at www.greenhybrid.com
To tack onto usbseawolf's answer, the battery wouldn't last more than a few miles at a steady 40mph and the IC engine would cycle on and off to help recharge it. In addition, the IC might cycle on and off to keep the cat converter warm to lower emissions, so sometimes the engine will kick on just for that (see it a lot more frequent in cold temps). Good luck on your searching for information!
Had the opportunity to test out how long the battery wouuld last. I was stuck in traffic at no faster than 7 mph (no A/C, stop&go, stealth mode only). After about two miles the ICE started to charge things up when the battery was below 50%.
Well, I happen to have driven @ 65mph on the freeway in cruise control, so I can tell you what I have seen. At 65 mph, the ICE is running and the realtime MPG is below 50 when I am going up a hill. When going downhill (even a slight grade), the real-time MPG is sometimes 99.9, sometimes around 75, and occasionally lower. I cannot hear the ICE running in either case, but it is a quiet little engine and it most likely is running. But I am not the best source of information as I have only had my Prius for a month or so.
I have read elsewhere on this board that the maximum speed that the electric motor alone can move the car is around 40 mph.
My real time MPG indicator generally reads between 51-53 mpg and i've attempted to verify its accuracy by capping the tank to the same precise level.
I've found this to be difficult as the gas sometimes splashes out before it is visible in the filler pipe, other times it doesn't.
Does anyone have an opinion of the accuracy of the computer based upon their own experience?
This is a double conversion of energy and energy conversion is never ever 100% efficient.
ICE >MG2>MG1> wheel Power
much more effcient to go
ICE > wheel power
While not considered a full hybrid, the Honda IMA system is more efficient on the highway. The newer HCH with CVT can run in electric only mode under limited conditions and acts closer to a full hybrid.
Many hypermilers like to push in the clutch or shift to neutral and truly turn off the engine on highway glides. This is hard to do with the Prius or any Toyota HSD system.
Cheers,
MidCow A Shifting Man
P.S. - The ICE doesn't run to maintain oil pressure or keep the CVT from messing up
The Honda IMA might be more "efficient" on the highway, but that does not necessarily translate to higher MPG. The difference in pumping cycle and engine size influence MPG too, not just energy transfer.
As for keeping the "CVT from messing up", your reply was rather misleading. The engine spins at the higher speeds to allow the components within the PSD to run at slower RPMs. A higher RPM won't mess up anything, but is not the best operational choice either since things like excess heat would be unwanted.
JOHN
Honda uses the battery feed directly. Toyota converts it to AC then boosts it up. That increases reduces losses in transfer. The higher operating voltage is an efficiency advantage over the competition.
JOHN
Using this method, the manual calculations and the computer have been within 3% of each other, which is about as close as you're going to get. Conclusion: don't obsess about it - the computer is very close, about as accurate as any of these things I've ever owned. With our MB, the computer was always at least 7-10% too optimistic; my results with the Prius are much closer to matching.
IMA higher effiecinecy on highway, equal power Insight= better mileage. Other Hondas more power, more performance. See the Lexus hybrids for an HSD exmaple.
Not really misleading, the previous person thought the purpose of the MG1 and MG2 needlessly spinning on the highway was to keep the CVT from messing up. Actually it is a planetary gear system and the gears always spin. "PSD" TLA(Three Letter Acronym) Power Split Device is Toyotas fancy name for a planetary gear sytems that spins Gears, the MG1 has a gear, the MG2 has a Gear and the wheel drive gear inside a sun plantary gear).
You specifically said "The engine spins at the higher speeds to allow the components within the PSD to run at slower RPMs." You really appear to be confused :confuse: This just doesn't make sense, spinning the negine at higher speeds burns more gas. The actually goal of most CVTs is to run the engine at the most efficient RPM which is usually the torque curve peak and to vary the ratio as needed. This does not mean that the purpose is to run at higher speeds to allow the other components to run at lower speeds; just doesn't compute! The HSD(Hybrid Sunery Drive) another Toyota coined term LOL is a pretty remable systme. It is a simple transmission and it utilizes a planetary gear in a unique way. The only downfall is that since the gears are always connected and must spin all the time, there is highway inefficiency because of double enegry conversions and the subsequent energy conversion losses.
Motor On,
MidCow
'06 Prius Seaside Pearl
Package #3
So California
On some tanks my trip meter reads 51 mpg and I put only 9.2 gal in when the fuel light is on and other times I've had it read 51 mpg and put nearly 10.5 gal in. Over a lot of data entries your 'true' FE will come to the mean.
The disagreements in this case were civil, at most expressed in a genially sharp exchange. They were not bickering. And even if you thought they were, it's not good form to publicly castigate people who were helping you gratis.
Not true. Like many states, my home state of California has laws that forbid driving so slow as to impede traffic.
BTW when you use all CAPS people THINK YOU ARE SHOUTING. You are lucky; I generally do not read all caps postings, since I consider them rude. But I thought perhaps you were just unaware.
A couple comments. You mention the fact that most accidents during icy & snowy conditions are caused by poor driving. After 36 years in Alaska I agree. I do disagree with your opinion that going slower than the flow on the highway in good road conditions is your right. You would probably win the case in a court of law. Not in the court of public opinion. Whether you like it or not when you are on the highway you are part of a traffic pattern. If you choose to block traffic you become a hazard to yourself & those around you. You also present a poor image for the hybrid vehicle you seem to like. You will win more support for Prius and other hybrids by showing other drivers that the car is equal to the other vehicles on the road. Otherwise as they zoom around you and give you that evil gesture, they are saying those #%$#%$@ Hybrids. Also not pulling over to the side and letting 5 or more vehicles pass you is a violation of the law. Don't expect everyone to accept your way of doing things. You could move to Victoria BC. The speed limit is 90 KMH (56 MPH) and I found people to be very courteous drivers. The way I see it is you are part of a small contigency of drivers that believe you can slow people down by blocking their path. I think you are contributing to the already growing negative opinion of hybrid owners.
I don't even have my Prius yet... it comes in a couple of weeks. The reason I am buying it is not to give or to get any attitude. It is so my grand children inheret a cleaner world. Who gives a hoot what anybody thinks or does. That is there problem. I am just glad that I am one of the people who can afford to make a difference with this great car. Bill Z
BTW when you use all CAPS people THINK YOU ARE SHOUTING. You are lucky; I generally do not read all caps postings, since I consider them rude. But I thought perhaps you were just unaware.
sorry, i have to use capslock at work. My friend got a ticket for impeding traffic flow here in kansas so we must have that law also.
Slickwill, are you still getting FE in the 70's? Your driving style sounds like mine. My record in my 87 integra is 41 in the city and so I believe I can acheive above epa estimates in a prius also.
Jim 314, 13to1 compression is the static compression ratio. It is the number calculated when building the engine. Dynamic compression ratio is what the engine sees when running. It is a combination of the camshaft duration and static CR combined. I trust that toyota has investigated fuel puddling on the back of the intake valve and determined that it will not effect engine reliability.
Anyone else getting above epa estimates?
I don't disagree with you on what you are saying here. I am trying to get across that when you are not going with the flow you are further taxing these poor drivers ability to respond. When they come around the curve at 70 MPH and someone is in their lane driving 55 MPH there is a problem. I don't know how long you have lived in Anchorage. But don't be surprised when some guy from the Valley crowds you off the Glenn Highway with his 3/4 ton beat up old crew cab PU truck. Alaska is still the Last Frontier.
PS
Be careful in that sub compact. I read where some fellow got killed on the Parks when he hit a moose. Took the top right off his small car.
Hmm, you better hope not. That hybrid you like so much won't run without gas.
What concerns me is the tailgater and the lack of police enforcement. Whether I drive at 60mph in the right lane or 75mph in the left lane some driver will be behind me at 1 or 2 car lengths usually hoping to induce me to drive faster so they can pass as well as being the "rabbit" for police radar. If not they are preoccupied on the cell phone and too lazy to pass.
The police are too content to park in the median and use their radar to selectively pick off speeders. By "selectively" I mean they write the number of tickets needed to satisfy their superiors or to phrase it another way "meet their quotas". Once they meet this number their interest in speed enforcement diminishes. Ever wonder why use see officers on patrol using their cell phones? Ninety five per cents of these calls are personal and most officers aren't about to interrupt a personal call to pursue a traffic violator.
If they spent more of their time in motion instead of parked in the median they would be able to cite more tailgaters. When is the last time you heard of someone receiving a ticket for tailgating? Quotas should be required for tailgaters instead of speeders.Most chain reaction collisions involve tailgating by one or more drivers.
Until we have vigorous enforcement of tailgating laws we will never make a dent in changing the ingrained habits of the aggressive driver.
Too hard to win in court. I think the obvious thing would be for the officer to cite the person impeding the normal flow of traffic. Much easier to determine than tailgating. It would be easy for an officer to determine that someone is a hazard if they are leading a string of traffic at a rate slower than the rest of the cars on the freeway.
As Lee Iacoco so aptly coined the phrase "Lead, follow or get out of the way".
If a police officer can testify that a vehicle maintained a distance of one car length behind another vehicle traveling at 60mph in the right lane for a distance of two miles when the driver behind had an opportunity to pass even the most liberal judge would be hard pressed not to convict.
That is just one example, the wording of the statute is designed to allow for flexibility and applies to numerous types of scenarios.
As far as police ticketing drivers for driving so slow as to be "impeding the normal flow of traffic" I agree that if someone is hogging the passing lane by driving under the posted speed limit they should be ticketed.
But no way can you argue that driving at 5-10 mph under the speed limit in the right lane is a ticketable offense.
Also keep in mind that the state has the right to enact a linear minimum speed limit which is much easier to enforce than the "impeding the flow of traffic" type statute. Very few such speed zones exist.
But perhaps the most important point is that once the news media starts reporting that police are ticketing tailgaters it will have a strong deterrent effect.
First I agree that someone following closely when they have opportunity to pass in a left lane is wrong. The problem again in enforcement is "Reasonable & Prudent". What may be R&P to you or me may not be to someone else. I was always told it was one car length for every 10 MPH. The laws vary from state to state. Without out camcorder evidence it would be a waste of court time. A good attorney would get it tossed. Not like having a breath test or radar printout as evidence.
My concern with your thinking and a few others is the right to hold up even the right lane to further your cause. If traffic is heavy in all lanes and someone is in the right lane driving much slower than the rest of the lanes they are a hazard. There can be circumstances such as a heavy load or a malfunctioning car etc. To hold up traffic for personal gain or philosophy is not right. I have gotten behind a slow vehicle going up the Interstate when the traffic in the left lane was so heavy I could not pass. If it is a truck loaded down you take that into consideration. If it is a yokel trying to squeeze the last ounce of energy out of a gallon of gas they should be cited for impeding traffic. That is as much a hazard as tailgating.
Your method of traffic control is not winning converts to the cause. First if you remember the 1970s when 55 MPH was introduced to cut fuel consumption, it was a total waste of time and effort. Many states ignored the law and did not cite speeders. Time is money and until gas costs more than time, people will be in a hurry. My time is worth way more than $3, $4 or $5 per gallon. I will drive at the speed I feel comfortable, within the limits of the law.
-Get the h--- out of the way. Don't want to "drive fast"? Fine. Stay to the right. And if you're going 75 in the left lane, and someone needs to pass, your obligation is to get to the right ASAP, not worry about what the police are or are not doing.
-I surely hope that the majority of our law enforcement types have more to worry about than enforcing artifically low speed limits. I'm just fine with the level of enforcement I see in most states most of the time.
I bought our Prius because it is a "Camry hatchback" wrapped up in a Corolla-sized package. The 40+ mpg [which is what I get driving it like every other car I've ever owned, which is a lot of cars, including performance imports] is a great bonus...but it's not a religion with me.
I believe in European driving rules - keep to the right except to pass, pass with efficiency and dispatch, and ALWAYS ASSUME that there will be someone behind you who wants to go faster, no matter what you drive. No eating, yapping on the phone, and no hogging of the passing lane to make points. The Prius is a great car that doesn't require a change in behavior to provide ownership rewards - all this flim-flam about a "Prius culture" just makes things worse, not better, for those of us who just want to enjoy the car's virtues without a long-winded political discussion.
In most states, you have an obligation [never mind the common-sense argument to do the right thing] to get out of people's way who want to pass you on a mult-lane road. Do us all a favor, especially your fellow Prius owners, and lose the temptation to be some kind of behaviorial vigilante.
Amen, I could not have posted anything that says it better. Be green without making a scene.
While this may have been true back in the 60's/70's/80's, I think this no longer the norm. At least in California, the minimum safe following distance is now defined to be at least 3 seconds, with 4 or more seconds favored for adverse weather (fog, rain, snow, etc) or traffic/road conditions (tailgaters, road construction, accident, bad road, etc). 3 or 4 seconds being how long it takes for you to reach the spot where the leading car's bumper just passed.