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4WD and AWD systems explained

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  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Why not just wait til you move north. Or buy from a dealer up here? Just a thought. I'm sure that if a dealer knows you are in the military they'll give you a good deal on one up here as well. I'd go for one with an on-road 4wd drive system (one that can be active on dry pavement).

    -mike
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    I kinda need a new SUV now...I am getting ready to have a new baby! :P
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Hmm. Well do you need the size of an SUV? You might want to go for an outback or similar vehicle that comes std. with AWD. It doesn't sound like you are much into off-roading, etc. The subies are excellent in snow (up to about 1.5-2' of it) and have decent cargo space. a RWD SUV wouldn't be my first choice in vehicles for the Northeast. (living in NYC, and travelling upstate NY often) I drive a Trooper that has full-time 4wd. I'm not sure how far you are from atlanta but Horton Isuzu down there stocks a lot of Troopers with 4wd(TOD which can actually be used on dry pavement) and also I drive a subaru with awd. Both excellent in the snow.

    -mike
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Lots of good choices out there nowadays. What did you have in mind? Size and price range, at least? Any brand preference?

    -juice
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    Well, after a weekened of looking, my wife loves the 2002 Explorer...I dont know if that is a good choice but maybe you all can help

    We are looking a mid-size SUV with a third row seat and looking to spend around 30,000-32,000. The salesman had her convinced that a 4x2 can do great in the snow but I have my doubts. Just like usual, only 1 in 5 dealers have any 4x4s(Chevy, GMC, and Ford)and they wouldnt budge on any price!
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Well I know I'll get flamed but...


    You can pick up a trooper 4wd for around $25K loaded to the gills (w/o leather) $29K (w/leather) and throw in for about $700 a 3rd row of seats from a company called littleoneseats or something along those lines see http://isuzu-suvs.com in the vendors section for a link.


    It has a superior on-road awd sytem than the exploder, and a 10/120K warranty.


    -mike

  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    What else is there for $32k with 3 rows? Hmm...

    I test drove a Buick Rendezvous recently. Could use a better engine, and it feels like FWD, but the interior is nice. Not much room behind the 3rd seat, but that may be the norm.

    I tried a Durango years ago, but the ride was a bit stiff and I couldn't even see the front of the truck in parking situations. Not my style, but you can get the new 4.7l V8 in there.

    I have not tried the Explorer. Ford has the 0% if you qualify. V6/V8 options, they even have full time AWD available.

    Suzuki has the XL7, but it's smaller and priced much lower. Just got a power bump, too. I've been inside but have not driven one.

    The TrailBlazer XL is arriving soon, and that'll have a 3rd row with a nice 270hp inline six. Have not driven one yet.

    Troopers are selling cheap nowadays. You could buy the 3rd seat and still come out $5 grand under budget.

    I think the MDX is over your price target. So are well equipped 4X4 Tahoes and Expeditions.

    I'd do a few test drives to see that you like. Don't forget you can get AWD minivans from GM and Chyrsler, too.

    Good luck shopping.

    -juice
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    is it AWD or is it Auto-4wd? Just curious.

    -mike
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Not sure. Anyone?

    Edmunds doesn't have the AWD model listed. Perhaps it only came on the old models.

    -juice
  • barresa62barresa62 Member Posts: 1,379
    I don't remember about the 02'Explorer but I know that the 02'Mountaineer comes std in AWD.

    Stephen
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    I think the Explorer is Auto-4wd.
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    I am about to go insane! :P I still dont know 4x4 or 4x2....
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Rear wheel drive in the snow? Only if you drive backwards. ;-)

    Do they at least offer tracton control with 2WD? If not, you could plan on getting snow tires instead.

    -juice
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    It does have limited slip..
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    That helps. A friend has a 2WD Rodeo and swears it's OK in light snow. It does have extra ground clearance and maybe the weight helps.

    -juice
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    It does have limited slip..
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Will make a world of difference, no matter what kind of car you drive. I spun my AWD XT6 4x in 2 runs of auto-x in the drizzle on saturday. The Firestone GTAs were worthless, and I was only doing about 35-40mph.

    -mike
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    You gotta slow down from Warp 6 when it rains, buddy! ;-)

    -juice (who has been a passenger in that XT6)
  • allroyallroy Member Posts: 58
    Well I found a good price on a 4x4 Explorer. Only problem is that the used car market is so bad right now for my 2001 VW Jetta 1.8T, that my sell-off/tradein negates the good deal!!
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Try CarMax, to sell your car, that is. You'll at least have a reference point.

    Or chip the 1.8T and get snow tires! :-)

    -juice
  • tallmanswifetallmanswife Member Posts: 12
    Can't say that I've read ALL 371 posts, but my eyes are glazed and my head is spinning -- need AWD on brain, or is that 4WD or 4WD TOD w/VSC... no, what I really need is a vehicle to get me and my daughter home ..
    up a very steep hill, with a 90-degree double-steep driveway (should never have moved into this house) in deep snow (rural, sometimes the plow doesn't come so soon). I'm a little worried about the GM "Versatrak" on the Rendezvous/Aztek/Montana, and the Grand Caravan/T&C AWD systems. Why, because I owned an '88 Subaru GL10 wagon with AWD and it had problems on my hill with STUDDED snow tires. My husband's Tacoma with oversized tires works great, but too small for us.

    PLUS:

    1) high safety ratings (Trooper doesn't cut it; Caravan iffy; Montana -- arghhh!)
    2) tow 3,500 (loaded tent trailer) (too bad Passat 4Motion can't tow anything -- love it!)
    3) decent gas mileage (well, as good as I can get anyway given my other criteria -- hoping for at least 20 hwy)
    4) seating for 5, one of whom has a 42 inch inseam and is primary driver (you guessed it -- tallman!) (he never fit in the Subaru)
    5) good cargo space for a stuff-enhanced family with an 85-lb dog
    6) 0% APR :-)

    Any ideas??? I think we've looked at every AWD/4WD vehicle on the planet (online at least) and driven half of them to the point where I just can't get my brain out of the sand. I guess my main problem is not really undestanding, even after reading all of this technical stuff, which system is going to work best on my hill in the snow.

    Thanks for any help.
  • brando69brando69 Member Posts: 47
    I would suggest looking at a used Land Cruiser 1994 to 1997 models(80 series). They have an awesome 4WD system that is always on and you don't have to think about it. They are built tough and have Toyota reliability. They have a good safety rating and are extremely popular in Australia and other parts of the world.

    The gas mileage is about 15-16 miles per gallon. I think they can tow like 5000lbs and there's a lot of aftermarket stuff for this vehicle that you can find on the web.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    If getting in and out of your driveway in deep snow and ice is of paramount importance then the Jeep Cherokee Limited comes immediately to mind.

    But its now discontinued and the only reasonable substitute would be the JGC.

    You did a good job of describing my own driveway and I typically had to install chains on all four wheels to get in and out even in part-time 4Wd mode in the Jeep.

    Good luck, and stay away from the RX300, the MDX, and the T&C, all predominantly FWD vehicles.
  • tlaurotlauro Member Posts: 504
    I have a 2002 Trailblazer with 4WD..yes Auto 4WD, 4WD Hi, 4WDlo and 2WD hi settings to cover all options....

    anyway, it is not equipped with the optional Locking Rear Differential and I'm wondering if I'm going to loose out on this feature come winter.

    No off-roading, but is there a benefit to LD in snow or would it actually make things worse?
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    Yes, there is a definite benefit to a rear LSD, but you already have one in the "middle", locking center differential, which will lessen the need substantially.
  • tlaurotlauro Member Posts: 504
    I'm assuming you're responding to my post about the Locking differential, but you mention LSD, limited slip differential which is different, so I'm not sure.

    Locking rear locks the rear wheels but LSD, just limits slip. Locking Rear is what is offered as an option on the Trailblazer.
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Too late now, but would have been well worth the $. That is a reason I hate GM. They should have just stuck it in all of them, like all Troopers get an LSD. I hate companies that nickle and dime you to death!

    -mike
  • bir999bir999 Member Posts: 9
    Dear host/participants of this very informative message board,kudos for depth of research.

    I have recently moved to hills of pennsylvania with snow,slush and treacherous conditions on winding roads, I am looking for car/suv in $30k range. Can some rank for me the awd/4wd among subarus, VW 4 motion in passat, audi quattro, toyota HL with vsc or other choices like nissan pathfinder or trailblazer cousins etc.

    thanks
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    If you want the best deal on an SUV with AWD go for the Troopers. They are outstanding vehicles and can be had for extreme discounts. Rated #1 or #2 in Consumer reports for reliability of all SUVs in it's class. Can be had for around $25.5K fully loaded w/moonroof w/o leather.

    -mike
  • hengheng Member Posts: 411
    It would be nicer to have a locking rear diff or LSD. But if you are staying on pavement then you might not miss it.

    I have a 4WD with an open rear diff like you (no LSD or locking). The only times I wish I had LSD or a locker is off the pavement in deep snow.

    Deep snow (especially the granular type) gives the most resistence to forward motion. This isn't a problem in itself for our vehicles. It is in combination with bumps and dips in the surface (like off pavement or trying to climb over a snow bank) that causes a tire to break loose. Then that tire is spinning and we are not moving. That's when the locker or LSD comes into play.

    So if you are staying on pavement and not trying to get through really deep stuff, you should be OK.
  • dohc32vdohc32v Member Posts: 60
    >>>I don't remember about the 02'Explorer but I know that the 02'Mountaineer comes std in AWD.
    Stephen <<<<<

    Unfortunately Ford has dropped AWD in the Explorer. That is a bummer IMO. I have a 97 Explorer, AWD V-8 and love it.
  • guidrypguidryp Member Posts: 7
    Excellent Topic! I had stopped reading these forums for a while, but they seem much smoother now. I like the little flags.

    I am interested in getting a mini-ute type vehicle at some point, but I am concerned that most manufacturers seem to be ignoring center diffs.

    The Tribute/Escape, CRV, and Saturn Vue all seem to use some variation on the Rotary blade coupling system. I don't wan't to play slip-catch in the winter. (at least the trib/scape has a lock though).

    My conclusion is that a real diff must be more expensive, since it seems to be a clearly superior for on-road AWD vehicles in dicy conditions.

    I see that Toyota and Subaru, seem to be the only ones with real diffs. Liberty also, but only with auto-tranny I believe.

    Living in the salt belt of eastern Canada the plastic Panelled VUE has a lot of apeal, but its reactive AWD system leaves a lot to be desired IMO.

    Unfortunately most people will never even find out how there AWDs work, so there is unlikely to be a groundswell of demand for real AWD (4 full-time driven wheels).

    I wish we could beat up on the marketing/engineering depts to get more real AWD systems on the road.

    Peter
  • vin_weaselvin_weasel Member Posts: 237
    The Liberty uses a time tested, chain driven transfer case with either an open (Selec trac) and/or locked centre diff (Selec trac & Command trac) when in 4x4. Selec trac is only offered on the auto, afaik. These two transfer cases are probably the strongest of any the mini-utes.
  • guidrypguidryp Member Posts: 7
    The Liberty equipped with AWD needs the Auto and possibly the V6. It is very much more expensive than the others like this and is overkill unless you are going off-road. I won't be. You pay for that overkill as excess weight which reduces performance and gas mileage.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    Can somebody out there explain to me what good is AWD?

    Most AWD that I see, exception is the X5 and ML, use the viscous clutch in some from or another which results in OWD.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    The VC system used in my Subie sets the torque split to 50/50, and benefit is that generally you do not slip in the first place. It also makes handling more neutral, vs. FWD, and offers full-time traction that RWD cannot match, and most 4WD systems cannot offer full-time. No torque steer, no buttons, no thought required from the driver.

    I look at it this way. I have taken my Subaru on the beach, to orchards, and on sand and dirt trails to play around, yet average more than 25mpg. It's great in the snow and rain, it's realible, efficient, light.

    If it meets your needs, what's not to like?

    -juice
  • guidrypguidryp Member Posts: 7
    Well if you want to go rock crawling, you probably don't want AWD. But if you are going to drive in adverse road conditions, AWD driving all the wheels through 3 real differentials is the best thing going IMO.

    It is extremely stable on any surface. Driving all 4 wheels through the diffs means there is 1/2 the torque at each wheel than in a 2WD. You are much less likely to have any wheel break traction.

    If a wheel does break traction they usually have some method to bring it under control. Such as traction control with the brakes on the Merc or center Viscous with the Sube.
  • canadianclcanadiancl Member Posts: 1,078
    I'm not sure if this has been discussed before 'cause I haven't finished reading all 388 posts. Would an open diff but with traction control perform similar to LSD? And does it matter if the traction control uses braking or reduction in engine power?

    Thanks guys.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    They manage the axle by different means, but the results should be similar.

    A LSD is a mechanical means of limiting slip, while T/C uses ABS. Though keep in mind the LSD is often only on one axle, while T/C works on both.

    -juice
  • bir999bir999 Member Posts: 9
    I have read about 3oo messages on this, need help choosing among the following
    1. highlander with its vsc vs lsd
    2. aud1 A4 quattro, excessive wind noise and cramped back seats.
    2. passat 2001.5 four motion i think it lacks Traction control, Is it same torsen system as audi quattro? if it is scaled down how does it affect awd in passat
    3. subaru line, is awd in it is so good that its looks an interior should be ignored?
    4. Trailblazer cousins .
    Help me choose !!!
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Highlander uses a VC like the RAV4 and manual tranny Subies. You can add a rear LSD to manage traction on the rear axle only, or VSC to manage traction on both axles, plus you get stability control with the VSC.

    I don't think the Passat's systems is scaled down, I would think it's identical. The Passat is bigger and heavier than the A4.

    Subaru has several different AWD systems, VC, VC+LSD, auto-AWD, auto-AWD+LSD, VTD+LSD, VTD+traction control, so it really depends on which model you are interested in.

    Each systems has its pros and cons. Torsens are highly desirable on the track, yet with zero traction to a side they fail to transfer power to the other, so on ice they faulter if you have no traction control too. They weigh more and cost more, too.

    VC is simple, light, and effective. Costs less too, but takes longer to react than a Torsen.

    The auto AWD on automatic Subies is more sophisticated than the VC. The catch is they some times feel more like FWD, which you may or may not like.

    An LSD makes any of these better.

    Traction Control makes any of these systems even better than those with an LSD.

    In practice, any of these should be great for snow and on light gravel and sand trails. Audis and VWs do not really have any extra ground clearance, so the Subie would take the edge there. They're also more reliable and cost less.

    The TrailBlaer is traditional truck, but I'll let others more familiar with it comment on its systems.

    -juice
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    Does anyone know:

    Can LSD or TRAC/braking actually be used on the front axle? It seems to me that the "telegraphing" to the steering wheel might be so severe as to "bust" someone's knuckles.

    Has anyone ever experienced LSD on the front?
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Yes, it's possible. You can get an aftermarket Quaiffe front limited slip differential for a Subaru.

    Also, Audi used to have 3 torsen diffs in their Quattros, before traction control replaced 2 of them (they were heavy and expensive).

    But typically, at least, an LSD goes in the rear.

    -juice
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Doesn't have a real AWD system. It only bangs in the front axle after you are spinning the rears. If you haven't looked at the Trooper with TOD it's a viable option. @ $25K loaded you can't beat it for size, reliability (#2 rated reliability in JD Powers) and the AWD system is great on it.

    -mike
  • gpm5gpm5 Member Posts: 785
    The good of AWD is that you don't spin out and wreck your vehicle. This happens often with RWD. With respect to FWD, AWD gives a much better feel. Also, you don't spin your front wheels on hard acceleration when the road is sandy or slick. Predominant RWD in combination with AWD, takes the strain off the front wheels in heavy vehicles, such as the transaxle vans that often have tranny problems. Overall, AWD can't be beat.
  • canadianclcanadiancl Member Posts: 1,078
    I believe the Nissan Maxima SE (which is front-wheel-drive) has both LSD and traction control if you go with the automatic tranny.
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
    Although the Infinity I35 has VDC, they actually liscensed it from Subaru. The Sentra Spec V will have a front LSD.

    -mike
  • canadianclcanadiancl Member Posts: 1,078
    what is IIRC?
  • paisanpaisan Member Posts: 21,181
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    Is there anyone out there with actual experience, in adverse conditions where it was needed, activated, with a front LSD or TRAC operating on the front wheels?
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