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General Motors discussions

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Comments

  • tlongtlong Member Posts: 5,194
    Article just posted in USA Today about Wagoner not agreeing or liking the Kerkorian initiatives:

    GM Chief calls push for alliance "not helpful"


    General Motors CEO Rick Wagoner says he was pushed into talks of an alliance with France's Renault and Japan's Nissan, and he is determined that those discussions not distract GM (GM) from its turnaround effort.
    ...
    "I didn't know it was going to happen, and it's not the way I would have done it, and it's not particularly helpful," Wagoner said. "It has led to unending speculation that I generally think is not helpful to our business and runs the risk of de-focusing people who are working on other things."


    Whatever happens, it's entertaining. A titanic struggle - one side convinced they're doing all the right things, and the other side not happy and applying pressure, publicly.
  • m1miatam1miata Member Posts: 4,551
    Has someone forgot that it is clearance time? What will GM do? A lot of cars and trucks to move. Not talking just GM but all the inventory of all the makes which will have to go as the 2007 models are on the way, or here today. If GM does not make any drastic cuts, and other do, then what?

    If the US economy hits the skids by 2007, then what?

    If GM could only make more cars like the CTS, for the Chevy line, they could drop the Malibu, and Impala (Monte?) and have a solid selling RWD car in the $21K price range. No reason the CTS needs to be $30K+, and no reason other cars could not be made off the platform. Or is there?
    -Loren
  • plektoplekto Member Posts: 3,738
    The issue is not the engine alone, but the engine/trans/gearing combo. GM in particular has a long history of mating their engines to a 4-sp tranny and then adding really tall gearing to be able to get good highway mileage numbers. I suspect that this is also to keep the engine in low RPM ranges to reduce NVH. From a drivability standpoint though this can really suck depending on where you live.

    OTOH, there are a couple of instances where it works well. The 3.6VVT and the V8 in the LaCrosse and Lucerne respectively develop enough low-end grunt to deal with it quite nicely. In fact, having only four gears is an *advantage* with a V8 or V12 engine as the things have crazy power. You just don't need to shift as much.
  • 62vetteefp62vetteefp Member Posts: 6,043
    Did you miss the 0% sale?
  • lweisslweiss Member Posts: 342
    I don't think that 0% financing will be enough for GM to liquidate their 2006 inventory- people are almost immune to these gimmicks. I would pay attention to those models with average selling days of 60+. And if you are in the market for any truck or truck based SUV, there may be some sweet deals out there. And if you don't drive a lot, the extra $500 or so a year on fuel costs may be worth it to save $5K that you will probably get from a good year end deal.
  • 62vetteefp62vetteefp Member Posts: 6,043
    Sales skyrocketed in the last 2 days of June during the 0% sale. Do not know what was said here but GM had a great June.

    Also dealers are raving about the sales in July with the 0%.
  • 62vetteefp62vetteefp Member Posts: 6,043
    Speed
    Monday, July 17 @ 7:00AM EST
    An Automotive Industry Concussion

    Synopsis: The possible GM-Renault-Nissan alliance exploded across front pages, news channels and web sites when GM investor Kirk Kerkorian proposed it in early July. But what is the real news behind all the banner headlines and breaking news alerts? This week?s Autoline Detroit digs into the story to give viewers a combination of information and insight that they won?t get anywhere else. John McElroy is first joined by the Detroit bureau chiefs from the Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg News to discuss the behind-the scenes twists and turns this story has taken. After that he talks with two industry analysts who x-ray the alliance and examine the affects it would have on engineering, manufacturing and product planning.

    Segment 1: GM-Renault-Nissan Alliance: The Reporter's Perspective

    Panel:
    John McElroy, Host, Autoline Detroit
    Joe White, Wall Street Journal
    John Lippert, Bloomberg News

    Segment 2: GM-Renault-Nissan Alliance: Industry Analysis

    Guests:
    Laurie Harbour-Felax, President, Harbour-Felax Group
    Jim Sanfilippo, Executive Vice President and Senior Industry Analyst, AMCI
  • lemkolemko Member Posts: 15,261
    Could care less about minivans - my idea of automotive Hades. Asking me which manufacturer makes the best minivan is like asking who's the most powerful football team in Antarctica. I'd take a nice full-size station wagon over any minivan, cross-over, or SUV.
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    If GM could only make more cars like the CTS, for the Chevy line, they could drop the Malibu, and Impala (Monte?) and have a solid selling RWD car in the $21K price range. No reason the CTS needs to be $30K+, and no reason other cars could not be made off the platform. Or is there?

    Yes. Profits.

    Well appointed rwd platforms incorporate alloy metals and design elements that make it near impossible to sell a decent looking vehicle on them for $21k.

    RWD can sell for $21k, but not on a sophisticated platform like the Sigma.

    I know there had been talk about a sigma light. It is possible through down engineering. Good example is Ford incorporating the solid read axle when it down engineered the LS platform for the Mustang.

    I don't have a problem with what Ford did. The Mustang is an excellent performer. But if GM had to make compromises on the Sigma platform to sell at lower price, you gotta figure the usual suspects will be here in Edmunds yelping about it day in day out.
  • andre1969andre1969 Member Posts: 25,975
    OTOH, there are a couple of instances where it works well. The 3.6VVT and the V8 in the LaCrosse and Lucerne respectively develop enough low-end grunt to deal with it quite nicely. In fact, having only four gears is an *advantage* with a V8 or V12 engine as the things have crazy power. You just don't need to shift as much.

    Now that you mention it, I've spent alot of time behind the wheel of my buddy's '06 Xterra, which had a 4.0 V-6 with 260+ hp and a 5-speed automatic. Supposedly it does 0-60 in about 7 seconds, but I haven't tried it out yet. I'm actually not that impressed with its transmission, but it could just be that I haven't gotten used to it. It's just that I'm used to a car that's strong enough where when you give it some gas at highway speeds, it can accelerate in whatever gear it's in, as opposed to needing to downshift.

    It's almost like this Xterra will go into a gear where you don't have enough power, perhaps to save a bit on fuel economy. So then when you give it a bit of gas, it's very easy to make it downshift. But then there seems to be just a bit of lag before the power comes on. Now if you stomp on it, it'll take off, almost too fast for a given situation. But in situations where you just need to give it a little extra kick, it's inadequate. I swear that sometimes the old 305-4bbl in my Silverado, mated to a 3-speed automatic, actually feels more precise! With the Xterra in most situations it either gives you not enough power or too much, but with no middle ground. You go from holding up traffic to practically rear-ending what's in front of you, where my old Silverado just seems easier to control.

    But still, it could just be that I haven't gotten used to it. To be fair, when I bought my 2000 Intrepid, which has a tiny, high-revving engine mated to a 4-speed automatic, the driving dynamic was vastly different from my old Gran Fury copcar! It took awhile to get used to, as well.

    Now I could see where something like my Intrepid might benefit from a 5-speed automatic. In 4th gear it's fairly low-revving at highway speeds. Not as low as something like my Dad's '03 Regal, but still not bad IMO. But when you shift down to 3rd, in some cases it just seems like overkill. For intance, it's doing 2500 rpm @75 mph, but when it downshifts to 3rd it goees up to ~3750 rpm. I think it would benefit from a "3.5th" gear, somewhere in the middle, for those situations where you need a little extra passing power, but not 3750 rpm's worth.

    And I could definitely see my pickup benefitting from a 4-speed automatic. As it is, it has a tall 2.56:1 rear end. Out on the highway it doesn't rev that high, and in situations where it does have to shift down to second it's still not screaming, but the downside to that is it's not that fast off the line. Now if they put a 4-speed automatic in it, they could put a quicker axle in it, allowing for better acceleration. But then on the highway, an overdrive gear could get your overall ratio back down to something close to that 2.56:1, in the interests of fuel economy. I think they did something like that with my uncle's '97 Silverado. I want to say it has a 3.73:1 rear, but overdrive is about 2/3:1, so in top gear you end up wtih ~2.5:1.

    But then I wonder if a 5- or 6-speed automatic in something like my pickup or my uncle's would just be overkill? Much more complexity but not that much more advantage?
  • corsicachevycorsicachevy Member Posts: 316
    "Good example is Ford incorporating the solid read axle when it down engineered the LS platform for the Mustang." - Logic.

    That is a common misconception. Ford and the media talked about how the next generation Mustang was to trace its blood lines back to the LS platform. In the end, however, that idea was scrapped. The Mustang actually rides on a heavily modified Mazda 3 platform. I didn't believe it at first, but it's true.

    So, Ford just pulled off a major success in terms of sales, profits and image by converting a front drive platform to rear drive - even if it does employ a live axle. Maybe others could follow.
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    Interesting. I've read in many places Ford modded the LS platform for the 'Stang. Auto journalism is frequently wrong.

    I understand the EpsilonII platform was designed with the possibility of rwd conversion as well.

    So, Ford just pulled off a major success in terms of sales, profits and image by converting a front drive platform to rear drive - even if it does employ a live axle. Maybe others could follow.

    I've driven the Mustang on several occasions and like its ride and handling for the money. Ford knew it would take lumps on the live axle - and it has - but it came up with a decent product.

    GM could do the same, and probably ought to, but the lumps would be much harder.
  • scott1256scott1256 Member Posts: 531
    A quote from the Autoextremist this week:

    "...Ghosn has proven that he scarcely recognizes sacred cows, and GM appears to have a sizeable herd...the hoary divisional structure...drive to give each brand a full stable of products...Ghosn would find a target-rich environment...the ironic thing is that killing-off any one of those sacred cows would pay huge benefits..."

    Lots more commentary at the site.

    http://www.autoextremist.com/index.shtml
  • imidazol97imidazol97 Member Posts: 27,594
    >Auto journalism is frequently wrong.

    Do you think? Laughing out loud.

    2014 Malibu 2LT, 2015 Cruze 2LT,

  • lweisslweiss Member Posts: 342
    Gee, if sales are skyrocketing for GM with 0%, why would they be having the problems that seem to be reported in the press almost everyday? And around here, the GM dealerships seem to be consolidating/closing while brands like Hyundai/Kia are opening up? With gasoline around my area at $3.10/gallon for regular (and probably going up shortly since crude oil is rising in price), I guess that GM is on a roll with their new pickups and big SUV's. But in all reality, I have been seeing a lot of Toyota Yaris and Honda Fit cars around. And those people are smiling when they fill up their gas tanks ($25 if it's on empty)
  • bumpybumpy Member Posts: 4,425
    Well appointed rwd platforms incorporate alloy metals and design elements that make it near impossible to sell a decent looking vehicle on them for $21k.

    Pfft. Honda managed to put full wishbones in the Civic for a few generations, and Nissan gave the Primera/G20 a full multilink setup. Heck, GM already has everything they need in the Kappa cars; just design a new coupe/sedan body to fit the existing drivetrain and suspension points.
  • 62vetteefp62vetteefp Member Posts: 6,043
    Press is talking about problems? really? Why would they comment about problems :) ?

    My comment was that the 0% is really selling vehicles in reference to the comment that GM will have an end of year blow out sale. The incentive is working. Why does everything have to be twisted here? I never said GM is out of the woods.

    Of course they may still have to have a blow out sale.

    Pickups are not out yet. Yes, GM's SUVs are selling very well and other GM sedans are also.

    As far as gas prices, yes sales of SUVs are hurting but not as much as most would have expected.

    http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060713/METRO05/607130338/114- - 8/AUTO01
  • lweisslweiss Member Posts: 342
    In a strict economic sense, the higher depreciation rates on some GM models means that they have to lower the prices through 0% financing or special sales. For many people, they want to keep their cars from 3-5 years, and an extra $1K-$2K per year in depreciation makes the purchase price higher than vehicles that don't have that (Toyota and Honda are obvious examples). I drive about 18K-20K per year- for me, the extra $400 in gasoline costs that I would save when I buy a new more economical vehicle pales in comparison to the depreciation costs of $3000 to $5000 per year.
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    Honda managed to put full wishbones in the Civic for a few generations, and Nissan gave the Primera/G20 a full multilink setup.

    Honda is front wheel drive. It would be a stretch to say either the Honda or Nissan are platforms with the performance or refinement of the Sigma platform.

    If it was easy to make a platform like that at low cost, everyone would. Or does the rest of the world just want to let BMW make all that profit for charity reasons?

    GM already has everything they need in the Kappa cars; just design a new coupe/sedan body to fit the existing drivetrain and suspension points.

    I think a Kappa coupe and small sedan would be nice. But it would be smaller than the Sigma. And it would not be as sophisticated.
  • sls002sls002 Member Posts: 2,788
    I think the sigma platform's primary cost is the alloys used. The zeta platform is supposed to be designed to be much less costly so that vehicles could be priced much lower and still be profitable.
  • bumpybumpy Member Posts: 4,425
    But it would be smaller than the Sigma. And it would not be as sophisticated.

    'Smaller' is the point. And what exactly makes Sigma "sophisticated"?
  • rorrrorr Member Posts: 3,630
    "The Mustang actually rides on a heavily modified Mazda 3 platform. I didn't believe it at first, but it's true."

    That is a common misconception. According to this:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_D2C_platform

    The Ford D2C platform (for the Ford Mustang) uses Mazda's C1 platform TECHNOLOGY. It further states that "The D2C's high-mounted MacPherson struts and lower wishbones are similar to the components used in the front-wheel drive C1, as are the rear trailing arm components."

    Personally, I think it's a bit of a stretch to say that Ford's D2C is a 'heavily modified Mazda 3 platform' since Ford lists it a a distint, seperate platform (just as the C1 which forms the basis for the Mazda3, Mazda5, Ford Focus (european edition), Volve S40, Volvo V50, Volvo C30 and C70 is a distinct, seperate platform).
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    I stick with my prediction: the last UAW plant will close within 10 years, Ghosn or no.

    The day that happens that will be the end of General Motors as we know it, and it will be a sign that the United States is no longer the industrial superpower it was and corporate and political greed took us down. :sick:

    Rocky
  • socala4socala4 Member Posts: 2,427
    That was a good read, thanks.

    Funny thing is that he seems to see the same issues discussed in this thread (Kerkorian's desire to push Wagoner out, Wagoner digging in, the board wary of a York/Kerkorian-led coup, etc.), but has a completely different take on the outcome, as he likes Wagoner and doesn't like Ghosn. Interesting stuff.
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    'Smaller' is the point.

    You jumped into a debate mid-stream and are changing the topic.

    Miata1 said GM should drop all its cars save the CTS and sell it - presumably as a sedan hatch and wagon? - for around $21K.

    I would like GM to make a small rwd sedan and coupe. But if it only had one car on the market, unless it sold for BMW prices (and GM fired another 3/4s of its employees) then GM would be in a whole heck of a lot of hurt.

    And what exactly makes Sigma "sophisticated"?

    As with all large luxury rwd platforms, the Sigma incorporates designs and uses alloys that alloy rigidity for handling and road response without extra weight. The Kappa frame is mainly steel. Ok in a small car that does not weigh a lot.

    If the Sigma was steel, it would be cheaper. But it would weigh a lot more.

    Edit: As it happens, there is also a Wiki on Sigma, SigmaII and proposed SigmaLite Platforms:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM_Sigma_platform

    Explains better than I ever could.
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    Well, now I am really confused.

    Suffice to say, wherever it comes from, the Mustang platform is good value.

    A Mustang aint a BMW or even a CTS. But you get a lot of driver's car for a lot less money.

    There is something to be said for that. Given this is Ford's one bright spot in a gray car line up, there is hope Ford will take note.
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    Ford does have Volvo, which all seem to be drivers cars. GM, I believe can improve their line-up this coming year. 2006 was a good first step, but they ned to take atleast 3 steps this year. ;)

    Rocky

    P.S. Loren, don't you think a $21K Cadillac would "Lincolnize" the brand ????
  • 62vetteefp62vetteefp Member Posts: 6,043
    What are the aluminum componets in the Sigma?
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    Ford does have Volvo, which all seem to be drivers cars.

    Volvos are all pretty expensive though. Plus, while the S80 is a decent enough sedan, it is no BMW.
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    What are the aluminum componets in the Sigma?

    I cannot find it. There used to be a web site with diagram showing which components of the Sigma are alloy.

    The Sigma is not all aluminum like the big Jaguar. But then base Caddies don't start over $60k either.
  • sls002sls002 Member Posts: 2,788
    I did not say anything about "aluminum". My understanding of the sigma platform is that the steel alloy used in the framework is costly.
  • m1miatam1miata Member Posts: 4,551
    Ford/Volvo, the FiveHundred starts at $22K.
    No reason GM CTS can not be in a Chevy form, a little plainer version, for $21K. And the CTS is it really base form, is a $25K car, give or take $1K. It is after all less power than the Chrysler 300 Touring for $28K. No lumbar supported seats, and no telescopic steering. We are talking base car here. With a 300 you get more car for $2K less than the Cadillac CTS. Sure you can buy a $35K CTS and get the power and the goodies, but now you are into 300's Hemi engine priced cars.

    Chevy needs to dump the current car line and get something like a car based on the CTS in the $21K range. In the FWD competition, they are simply out scored from Ford to VW -- nothing competitive. BTW, the Fusion will now have a longer warranty than the GMs. And may I add and fresh style. In the $16K range, look at the VW Rabbit, with all the safety goodies, and higher class interior -- why buy a Cobalt?

    Come on GM, get with it!!! Bring on the real HEAD2HEAD cars.
    -Loren :shades:
  • m1miatam1miata Member Posts: 4,551
    Gee, I wonder how Chrysler's Dodge Charger can start at $22K then? With the 3.5 V6 engine. Sorry, but it can not cost all that much more to make fine right wheel driven cars.

    In the FWD competition, GM is simply going to be overwhelmed. Better Ford, Hyundai's, and all the Japan makes to choose from. This leaves price. So now you are talking deep discounting. How does GM make a profit on that front. Isn't it all the others which are the low cost producers. They are barking up the wrong tree.
    -Loren
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    Well Loren, it looks like your going to have wait a year or 2 to get your wish of a RWD sedan at that price. :sick: I'd expecr sometime in 2009' one will be built.

    Rocky
  • m1miatam1miata Member Posts: 4,551
    NO! Keep the CTS as a Cadillac for a higher price. Make a car similar for the Chevy line for $21K = different car - not the same style. A " something like " car for Chevy.
    -Loren
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    Are all those Saab's still on the lot Loren ? :surprise:

    Rocky
  • advequityguyadvequityguy Member Posts: 138
    just looking at the new ford warranty. 3/36k bumper to bumper, 5/60k powertrain with no deductable. hmmm. a car that looks better and drives better than an accord/camry/altima for about the same price as a stinking malibu, with a better warranty than all the above. any guess as to what will be the most popular mid sized car in america (excluding fleet sales) for 2007 will be?
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    Camry will still be.

    Rocky
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    Gee, I wonder how Chrysler's Dodge Charger can start at $22K then? With the 3.5 V6 engine. Sorry, but it can not cost all that much more to make fine right wheel driven cars.

    I clearly said that rwd cars can be cheaper. I said cars on the SIGMA platform cannot.

    The Dodge Charger and Chrysler 300 have a cheaper variation of the last generation MB E chasis. In other words, something designed in the Mid-90s and not sold by MB since I believe, '02.

    Anyone who has driven a Chrysler 300 and CTS knows right off the line that the Sigma platform is superior in any way. (Platform being operative term here. I am not saying anything about the looks or the engine choices)

    Yes, GM may be able to use some design components from the Sigma and make a heavier, less expensive rwd platform. But it could not profitably sell Sigma cars at $21k.

    If it were as easy as you think, every company out there would have a BMW 3 Series clone. They don't. And there is a reason :sick:
  • alp8alp8 Member Posts: 656
    is now a good time to get a deal on a SAAB convertible?

    (still the best near-full size ragtop out there)
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    Yes right now is a good time.

    I would cross shop states though. Check out big Metro's like Dallas, Chicago, Detroit, LA, etc.... Loren says out in Cali they aren't moving Saab's and I'm sure a awesome deal could be made somewhere. It wouldn't take much time pal to save thousands. ;)

    Rocky

    P.S. I personally think the 9-3 is over-priced anyways and wouldn't be a bit surprised if one could be bought $7-10K off MSRP ;)
  • sls002sls002 Member Posts: 2,788
    I am afraid that many people posting here have no concept of what engineering is or what a "platform" is. They do not understand that the sheetmetal covering the car is hiding the underlying structure which is what makes the car what it is.
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    Here's the plan for you pal. Look at what you can buy a Volvo C-70 for and work your way down atleast $3-4K. You might be better off get the Volvo C-70 and it comes with a awesome retracting hardtop, and a awesome 980-Watt Dynaudio system. Myself personally would buy the other Swede. However if the "deal of the decade" can be made on a 9-3, then go for it. ;)

    Rocky
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    I am afraid that many people posting here have no concept of what engineering is or what a "platform" is. They do not understand that the sheetmetal covering the car is hiding the underlying structure which is what makes the car what it is.

    Amen to that. Earlier in the Saturn forum, some people were wondering whether the Astra with the larger windscreen might be more dangerous in a rollover.

    Never mind the fact that all structural roof support is in the frame which is the same in regular Astras and large windshield Astras. The fact is that 1/4 inch tempered glass is every bit as strong as 1/8 inch sheet metal.

    About 90% of a car's engineering and design is in things the consumer does not see.
  • proudamerican8proudamerican8 Member Posts: 16
    I wouldn't encourage this "jointness" that would be a monopoly except for the fact that neither company bought the other.
  • alp8alp8 Member Posts: 656
    I hear you

    I odn't know if Volvo is dealing on the C70
  • rockyleerockylee Member Posts: 14,014
    The C-70 will hold it's resale, and the 9-3 will drop like a rock in residuals. The only way a 9-3 might be a better deal if you can buy one for like $4-5K less. But even then I personally like the C-70 better. It would take atleast $7-8 less for me to consider a 9-3 over a C-70. Why ? The resale of the C-70 will be atleast that much better over.

    Rocky
  • logic1logic1 Member Posts: 2,433
    The 9-3 in its current form is a proven vehicle with a consistent, albeit small following.

    The prior C70 was an absolute dog. The current C70 looks nice, but this is the first hard top convertible for Volvo. If the hard top convertible has problems, resale will drop like a rock.

    Volvo as a whole does not enjoy incredibly high residuals.
  • andre1969andre1969 Member Posts: 25,975
    Gee, I wonder how Chrysler's Dodge Charger can start at $22K then? With the 3.5 V6 engine. Sorry, but it can not cost all that much more to make fine right wheel driven cars.

    The Charger does seem like a lot of car for the money, but it also has a pretty cheap, plasticky interior. The 3.5 V-6 is actually a pretty cheap engine to make. It's just SOHC, and actually dates back to the old 3.3/3.8 engines from the Dodge Dynasty and its brethren. Yep, that's right, Chrysler's 3.5 SOHC V-6 is actually derived from a dreaded PUSHROD!! :P Somehow though, Chrysler got it more or less right, better than back when Chevy came out with that powerful but troubleprone 3.4 DOHC that was derived from the old 2.8/3.1 block.

    I'm guessing there's also a lot of profit in the Hemi models. From what I hear, the Hemi's cheaper to build than the 3.5 V-6. And interestingly, the 2.7 V-6 that Chrysler uses in the rental version of the Charger, base 300 and Magnum, etc, is more expensive to build than any of them! So when you buy a Chrysler with a bigger engine, you're actually doing them a favor because it's cheaper to build, yet they charge more!
  • lweisslweiss Member Posts: 342
    Before you go out and buy a Volvo, just take this advice from me (I have a 1998 Volvo S-70, now 113K)- great cars, good handling, wonderful seats, they don't rattle when they get old, pretty safe... but... lots of maintenance and the maintenance/parts are expensive. So be sure that you have a dealer close by and then an independent repair place after the warranty is over. Plenty of little nuisance repairs like for electrical accessories. Just read the Volvo discussions, my experience is not unique. But even after 8 years and 113K miles, the car still has a new car handling to it. Good quality, but like most European makes, big maintenance issues.
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