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Here's a link that you may find useful:
http://www.howstuffworks.com/horsepower1.htm
Octane - is the degree to which fuel resists detonation (spontaneous/rapid combustion of the complete fuel/air mixture in the cylinder - aka knock). The higher the octane number, the greater the resistance to detonation (or, the more gradual and uniform the fuel/air mixture burns in the cylinder). The LS has a knock sensor that will automatically retard spark if knock is detected. When doing a dyno run, it would be better to eliminate this source of variability when assessing the impact of another component on overall engine performance.
here's another link discussing octane:
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question90.htm
My LS's gas mileage is slightly better with 92.
I called the head of the Colorado State Oil Inspection and he says that when they test a gas stations' octane level, it needs to be dead on. Of course, even if they do allow some unwritten discrepency, he has to quote the regulations and I'm sure they state that octane levels must be exactly as advertised.
I also tried calling one of our customers (a major oil company) to find out what their specs are and the guy that I need to talk to will be out till tomorrow, so I will follow up then.
I do know, however, that the mid-grade fuel is simply a blend of the high-grade (premium) and the low-grade (regular unld) when a site blends at the gas pump (I think that they also only keep a high and low at the terminals and blend the mid-grade when filling the tanker truck, but I will confirm this tomorrow as well.) If they are blending at the pump (cheaper installation costs since you only have 2 tanks in the ground instead of 3 and is pretty the standard for all new locations), different companies use different blend percentages.
In Colorado, we mainly have 3 different octane levels, 85, 87 and 91 because of our altitude (less oxygen, less chance of knock) compared to the 87, 89 and 91 that is usual for other parts of the country. Typically, the blend percentages low/high at the pump are set to 60/40, 65/35 or 66 2/3 / 33 1/3 which results in a blended octane of 87.4, 87.1 and 87.0 respectively assuming that the high and low are exactly 91 and 85. Given these calculations, the statement that I received from the inspector cannot be correct unless their testing equipment rounds to the nearest whole number. If that is in fact true, then there is a -.5/+.4 tolerance which amounts to about a 0.5%.
A smart business person would of course try to go the 66 2/3 / 33 1/3 route because then the consumer would be getting more regular and less premium and still meet to correct octane levels, but the most common ones are 65/35 or 60/40 (BTW, the major oil company that I will be calling uses a 65/35 blend at the pumps when blending there.)
So, Scott, for someone who is in the industry, I so far have not been able to get an exact answer to your question, but maybe the fuel terminal person will enlighten me. Until then, I would feel pretty confident in the +/- 0.5%.
Bruno
In light of your revisions, do you think the K&N claims of 2 to 4% power increase for just the replacement filter are close/closer to reality??
I understand that a lot of this assumes a decent stock air induction at least. My wifes Impala air box is so bad you would not believe it. All the dirt ends up on a few square inches of filter. All I expect with the K&N is longer service between cleaning and a tiny bit more power. I think if you are really utilizing most of the filter area, then the gains may be closer to what K&N claims.
Go figure. :-)
Specification D4814-01 Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
1.7 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded "to the nearest unit" in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29. The use of a trailing decimal point in a limit indicates that the digit preceding the decimal point is a significant digit.
so my assumption that they are rounding to the nearest unit is correct, therefore, -0.5/+0.49 is how close an advertised octane level needs to be or about 0.5%.
But, I also found this statement for the Colorado state regs:
(6) In no case shall motor fuel of advertised trademark quality be sold or offered for sale, unless the octane number by the American Society for Testing and Materials research method will not be less than one and five-tenths octane number of that specified by the owner of said trademark or trade name.
Although, one might read this as +/- 1.5 octane, I think it is really talking about a companies' trade name being within 1.5 octane no matter where you purchase it, i.e. if a company calls their fuel "Super Great Supreme 92" then no matter where they sell it in the state, it has to be within 1.5 octane of everywhere else that they sell it in the state and/or within 1.5 octane of 92.
Gotta love that legalese.
Bruno
But nothing explains why our prices are so much higher except they get away with it. I get sick when I see what gas is in Bakersfield.
Like you, the main reason I got the K&N was to reuse it instead of tossing it.
Sales drop: Ford's total vehicle sales were down for August, don't remember the exact % but I belive that cars were down 16% and trucks / SUV's down around 7%. Most people I run into have no idea what a Lincoln LS is. When the first see my LS they are impressed, until I tell them that it's a Lincoln which of course to the local auto snobs makes it just an old man's Ford. Lincoln has a bad connotation around here, I guess the result of too many years of building living rooms with 4 tires & a steering wheel. BMW sales are still going up in spite of the down stock market. Never ceases to amaze me what people I know will pay for beat up high mileage BMW's & Mercedes. One friend bought a really beat E class and then over the next 6 months dropped close to $10K getting all the broken things on it fixed. I tried to point out that he could have had a new LS for less money, but of course he could only repeat the "high resale value" Mercedes mantra. Another friend was really proud of the Volvo S70 he just got, doing everything buy outright saying how much better it is than my lowly Lincoln. I attempted to burst his bubble by telling him that Volvo was just another Ford, but he outright told me I was full of it that Volvo was not owned by Ford. I told him to go look it up & get back to me, which he still hasn't done after 2 weeks.
The drive however is remarkably smooth. Smoother than most cars I've test driven, but is it worth 50k? I've always liked the way the European and Japanese engineers find ways of getting 220HP out of a 3.0 engine or smaller. For example the new Maxima will be pushing 260HP from a new 3.5 engine. Whereas, I think the LS V8 pushes 252 in a 3.9 engine. Also, I think in general, most foreign cars cost more than American cars and whenever I see or hear about an American car matching the same price of a German car, I expect that car to be like "Whoa" and to be honest, I don't see the Lincoln LS to be that prestigious. Don't get me, I'm not bashing this car.....I have not seen an American car look this good in a long long time.
lolaj42 - Thanks - good background link. Looks like my original intuition was correct. Wheel diameter does affect the dyno torque reading. Using the equation HP = Torque X RPM /5252 , if you reduce the wheel diameter you increase the torque delivered to the dyno flywheel, but that is equally offset by a corresponding increase in the wheel's RPM. Specifically wheel diameter doesn't affect calculated horsepower , but individual differences in the two different tires (frictional rolling resistance at given psi., width, etc.) however, would. Is this a significant variable for Brian's tests? Anybody's guess. My guess? - probably not.
The Avalon might be a nice alternative for the daily commute with the nice surroundings. But once you hit the twisties, ha see you later jack.
Your choice, I have yet to see a car that gives as much as the LS for the price (BMW 7 series Size) BMW (525-530 like) Performance and to (Tell you the truth the interior on the 5 Series I think is bland also). Also the LS has a Smooth V8! With Northstar Like system to boot! (I always forget the LS Can run without coolant!(The V8 At least). One More thing, you can consider waiting for the 2003 LS which Brian says is Niiiiiiiiiccccccceeee!
Regards,
Airwolf
I will argue with one of your statements: Show me the German car the the LS matches the same price of. It will be smaller, slower, and much less generously equipped. (More prestigious, though, no doubt.)
None of this is to belittle your opinions. Do your homework, make your choice, and please post what you decided, and why. In spite of recent reports to the contrary, criticism of and alternatives to the LS are welcome here.
It really puts a lot of things into perspective and makes you realize how insignificant those "little things" really are.
Oh, and you can have your 3.0 200+ HP engines too. How high do you have to rev to get those horses?? Where is the torque? (which really counts).
Stanny is right. On paper - great. But it's not that simple. True performance is what counts. One other thing, all that 0 to 60 stuff seems to vary a lot depending what you read. And that 260 HP has been revised to 255 - they lied. You have to wonder about the 255 as well. Be wary of hype.
of these through the years. A few minutes ago I watched images that have
tears streaming down my face. I have seen the Trade Center Towers and I
still cannot believe what I see. I cannot even comprehend the senselessness
and evil of all of this.
As a Canadian, may I offer my deepest sympathy and say I truly share in the
sorrow across America tonight. As a human being, I am hurt. I an offended,
and I am angry.
May God bless America tonight.
Very respectfully,
Ken Smith
If any one on this board has been personally affected by this tragedy, you have my most sincere and heartfelt condolences. To all of those who have perished, may they rest in peace...
The smoke was drifting to the south, away from me. The clouds of smoke were gigantic. I could see gapping holes in the building.
I watched for a while and then went back to work. I sat down just in time to hear the unthinkable: a tower had collapsed.
I ran to a window, but, due to the tower's line-up, could not see the space left by the collapsed tower. I still thought that only the damaged portion and above had collapsed. Smoke was still coming from the standing tower, except now the clouds of dust/smoke were down to the street level with the surrounding buildings looking like monuments sticking up from a fog.
I then saw the entire second structure collapse in what looked like slow motion. The last piece to disintegrate was the transmission tower.
I'e been to Christmas parties at the Windows of the World and marveled how small the Statue of Liberty looked from the 106th floor; I've taken a number of evening cruises and stood in awe at the two, tall, lit up structures against the night sky; I worked for a company that had an office in one of the towers.
I didn't cry, but tears came to my eyes.
I hope that we find the right people who did this and provide justice. No amount of retaliation against the guilty party is too great.
In the north Jersey area, one can frequently see the NY skyline. That skyline has changed.
So have I.
Make no mistake about it, this is not over--and nukes can fly two ways. We have to react with intelligence, patience, and unity. There have been no easy answers in the middle east and there will be no simple solutions here. Our strength and character will be tested for some time and our lives will never be quite the same.
It sounds like the men on the 4th airliner tried to take back control, knowing full well that they would crash. Our way of life and our freedom will prevail because of people like them, and like the ones working so bravely in NY, DC, PA, and many other places.
Like it or not, we are ALL soldiers now, with all that that implies, and we will be tested. The eyes, and future of the world are in our hands. May a kind and just spirit guide us.
In spite of all this, we must maintain a balance in our lives and not forget to maintain the positive energy in life, even while resolving to defend the force of freedom.
http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/stories/story/0,10738,2812283,00.html
What I will say publicly is that there ARE air marshalls. There are also rounds available that were designed specifically for use in aircraft. The Glasser Safety Slug is one. I also believe the flight crew should be armed. I'm sick and tired of what pansies we have become as a nation not fighting for ourselves. If it is true that all these animals had was knives, how can 3 or 4 people overpower 50? It must be the the old mantra of your life is more important than "fill in the blank". I'm sorry, but a crook isn't going to get my car or whatever as long as I am conscience enough to try and prevent it!
Off my soapbox.
Mike
I think the main problem on those highjacked airliners that did damage was the we as a citizen have had it pounded into our brains to not retaliate against a threat. Just sit back, let the criminals take want they want and no one will be hurt. I would even guess that these terrorists actually used those exact words.
You see it all the time, in movies, in newspapers, on t.v., etc., etc. Don't do anything and no one will be hurt.
Heck, I'm sure that prior to this incident, I too would have simply sat back and waited for the plane to land in whatever country the hijackers said they were taking the plane too.
I guarantee, though, that myself and probably just about everyone else in this country will not let anyone get away with hijacking another airplane again.
The mice have left the building and the Americans have come back to life.
Bruno
When I think about the carry-on items that we all take on board (laptops, pens, calculators, pagers, cellphones, overhead luggage, etc) that can be used to hit, or be thrown, at hijackers armed with knives, a few people, working together, as evidenced by the plane that went down in Pa, could make a difference.
The heros on that plane did something that very few of us would have had the nerve to do. Who knows how many lives, or which one of our national treasures they saved?
I know we don't, and probably never will, know the names of all those that acted to stop the terrorists on that flight, but their families should be proud to know that innocent people are alive today because of them.
This forum is supposed to be a pleasant diversion for us and we could all use a little of that right now. Mayor Giuliani of NYC keeps encouraging the populace to go out to eat, shop, see a movie or show, etc. Try to return to some sense of normalcy. Don't give the pond scum that perpetrated this dastardly act exactly what they want.
It's not easy, but we have to carry on and it's not disrespectful to those who have been lost.
Now I have to go practice what I preach. I've spent all my free time glued to the TV or radio and moping around. Last night my wife & I made a pact to watch Chris Rock's "Down to Earth" for some good laughs. Of course, we just went right on watching the news.
If anyone here lost a friend or loved one, my heartfelt condolences go out to you.
Peace,
Artie
I still cannot. The horror, the grief that the relatives of the victims as well as the victims themselves, felt.
We weren't there, thank God. We will never know what the last moments of any of those souls were like and for that we should all be thankful that we didn't have to go through the hell on earth before they died.
Grieve for the dead, the injured, the friends and relatives. Grieve for the rescuers for their pain will be much greater in the coming months. I know that pain, I was a search and rescue member. Grieve for the Arab-American community. Nothing can hurt more than being implicated because of the color of your skin or your nationality or your faith. They are good, decent, human beings who have as much patriotism as any of us, but are afraid to show it due to fear of retribution.
Grieve for our country and our children who have witnessed this rape of our land for we will never be innocent again.
Brian
He told me that this has been a serious point of contention betwen the pilots union and the FAA for quite some time, but the feds won't back down. Maybe now, the'll reconsider.
In the meantime, we'll just have to "fly" there in our LSs. Or is it LSes ??
Even stupid funny movies like the rat race healthy funny movies that keep you on the edge of your seat. Those terrorist didn't take my innocence. At least I am not going to let them.
If any of you noticed, I changed my flag back. I don't know when I'll fool around with it again, but it will be a while! I'm proud to be an American and will display my countries flag proudly. Here and at home! You should see the flag at the end of my street. It is HUGE! Gotta be 20' X 15'! It's BEAUTIFUL!
About the flags that appear by our names - I've seen Americans all over Town Hall (who previously had chosen countries to display the interesting flag variations) correcting their profiles to reflect their actual country of residence. I find that quite heartening. In fact, I find several of the discussion groups' responses to this weeks events, including this discussion, very reassuring personally.
I work in IT at the largest naval facility in the world here on the East Coast. I've seen dramatic security measures that simply have never occurred before in my 20 years there. This facility is surely a prime target, and the mission of the defense agency for whom I work is "support the warfighter". I'm on 24/7 call and expect to be for quite some time in the future. These events have impacted us all in ways that - I fear - may just be beginning.
I guess I just wanted to say that I personally appreciate each and every one of your feelings about what has happened, and wanted you to know that I share them deeply.
Pat
Host
Sedans Message Board
Scott
I don't work in Manhattan. My office is in the western part of the borough of Queens, NY and the twin towers were always visible from the upper floors. It took me all day, but I finally summoned enough courage to go to the top floor and look out the west side of the building. As many times as I've heard it this week, I still wasn't prepared for the sight of nothingness in the spot where the towers stood just a few days ago.
On Friday, I take an earlier than usual train home. This is a train that is packed with construction workers returning to the suburbs from projects in Manhattan. Today, there was the smell of smoke in the car. There was no fire. The smell was coming from the guys' clothes; guys who had clearly spent the day working at "ground zero." I felt better. Some of these guys (iron workers, for example) are putting in a full shift at their regular jobs and working at night in the rubble. Exactly the spirit of America embodied in Roeper's piece.