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The Future Of The Manual Transmission

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  • volkovvolkov Member Posts: 1,306
    I remember reading about the particulars of EPA test recently. It is a very interesting read and worth searching for. The test involves a driver following a speed graph and includes stops and starts plus some minor fudge factors to determine the numbers. I remember it struck me that this would be much easier to conform to in an auto. Furthermore, there are specific shift points mandated for manuals which of course can either be completely inefficient for the vehicle in question or may spur manufacturers to fine tune the ratios for optimal performance under the test whereas they might be useless in real world driving.
    Found it:
    link title
  • shiposhipo Member Posts: 9,148
    Thanks, cool article; kind of confirms what us Stick-Shift driver have kinda known all along. :)
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    roughly 15 percent of new models

    That's what I thought. The vast majority are never verified.

    I love how before they had an AWD dyno, "additional drag is applied to the dyno to replicate normal operation of the AWD system". Not all AWD are created equal. So much room for error...

    staff punches in coefficients that allow the dyno rolls to simulate real-world factors, such as wind and road friction

    More room for error when it comes to tire choices and claimed aerodynamics.

    For manual-transmission cars, there are standard EPA shift points

    I'd love to hear the logic for how they choose - is it by rpm? or by speed? Do they account for engine size and vehicle weight when they decided this?

    That's just the first page of four pages, too.
  • bobw3bobw3 Member Posts: 2,989
    I wonder how on a highway cruise with the manual transmission in 5th gear and the automatic in 5th gear, the manual can get better MPG even if the 5th gear in the auto is of a higher ratio...like on the Honda Fit? You'd think that since no shifting of gears is going on, then the auto (with a torque converter lockout...or whatever it's called) would get better MPG. Someone explain.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    If the auto is locked up, it should be able to do better, because there's no slip in the slushbox.

    So gearing would be the primary factor.

    The Miata comes in MT5, MT6, and 6EAT flavors. The auto wins only on the highway, and guess which one is geared a lot taller?

    Different engine tuning also, less power but more low-end torque for the slushbox.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    "...the human brain can make better decisions than anything electronic.."

    We might all like to think so but the facts are exactly the opposite.

    The electronic "brain" never needs sleep, is never lazy, and is never distracted from the task at hand, not even byt that cute gal in the Corvette.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    And you, with your human brain that makes better decisions, seem to be absent the common sense that would allow you to move the shifter to 1st until you cross that 5th bump.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    "..the human brain can still make better decisions.."

    Only when dealing with unknown factors, non-historical knowledge.
  • volkovvolkov Member Posts: 1,306
    edited August 2011
    I wonder how on a highway cruise with the manual transmission in 5th gear and the automatic in 5th gear, the manual can get better MPG even if the 5th gear in the auto is of a higher ratio...like on the Honda Fit? You'd think that since no shifting of gears is going on, then the auto (with a torque converter lockout...or whatever it's called) would get better MPG. Someone explain

    .If you are talking about EPA numbers, that would be easy. THe HWY part of the test is a short cycle and involves acceleration and deceleration. THose changes would have the AT constantly unlocking the torque converter and inducing viscous energy loss. The test is not measured by holding a constant 55 or 60 mph.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    But as you just said:

    The electronic "brain" never needs sleep, is never lazy, and is never distracted from the task at hand

    So I follow your advice and let the ECU do the thinking, LOL.

    You want to have your cake and eat it. Should we let the genius computer shift for us, or shift manually, which is it?

    move the shifter to 1st until you cross that 5th bump

    That wouldn't work, revs would be too high in 1st.

    So now you're saying I need to manually compensate for the lazy electronic brain and slow trans that also can't see forward like a human can?

    Plus you overlooked that it makes the wrong decision to choose 4th at 25mph in the first place.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Only when dealing with unknown factors

    So in other words all public roads 100% of the time.

    Pretty much, yep. :D
  • Kirstie_HKirstie_H Administrator Posts: 11,242
    There are factors that a computer cannot identify - such as whether the guy in the car next to you eating a burrito presents more of a danger to you than any other driver. So it's not just unknown factors - there are factors that a computer cannot identify.

    As a general rule, I'm throwing out the electronic device as the decision-making king. Anyone who's ever tried an online dating "your best match" type service can attest to that.

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  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    edited August 2011
    "..AT constantly unlocking..."

    Not necessarily.

    With a modern day sick shift car the engine ECU has the option, if enough acceleration or engine loading is called for, of moving the A/F mixture control from stociometric to enriched, ~12:1 mode. With an automatic the engine/transaxle controlling ECU would have the same option, only it would decide, depending on a wide range of parametrics, to either unlock the torque converter OR enrich the mixture, or maybe even both, depending on which would return the best FE.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    "..There are factors that a computer cannot identify..."

    "Guy eating a burrito" is a non-historical factor......

    Off-thread just a bit.

    I tried to say that the electronic brain exceeds the decision making ability, FAR exceeds, when operating within its relm of "knowledge".
  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    Even Luke Skywalker knew enough to turn off his computer. :P

    Even ABS, as smart as it is, doesn't know when the road is gravel.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Problem is, it's a very narrow realm.
  • shiposhipo Member Posts: 9,148
    You know, we pretty much agree on every point; all I need to do to achieve that lofty goal is to apply the boolean modifier "NOT" to everything you write. :P
  • Kirstie_HKirstie_H Administrator Posts: 11,242
    The electronic brain is faster at accessing previously-stored information, or accessing information on how it was designed to operate.

    totally fabricating an equation here:
    if speed <x and rpm <y and factor z exist, process action q.
    Yes, the electronic brain will process this pre-programmed equation faster than a human mind. That doesn't mean it is right for the situation; it means it's what it's designed to do. It is processing a pre-programmed function.

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  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    From an unlikely source...wwest!

    :D

    No, seriously:

    http://townhall-talk.edmunds.com/direct/view/.f169148/9#MSG9

    Some excerpts:

    infamous Toyota/Lexus 1-2 second transaxle downshift delay/hesitation

    sub-standard sized positive displacement gear type ATF pump

    premature transaxle failures

    DBW is being used to delay the onset of engine torque in response to foot pressure on the gas pedal until the downshift, starved for adequate ATF pressure, can be fully completed with the engine at or nearly idling


    I guess the ECU being quick and smart doesn't really matter when the transmission itself cannot complete a gear change within a reasonable amount of time. ;)
  • shiposhipo Member Posts: 9,148
    Fact: The portion of my brain responsible for shifting gears in my car never-EVER seems to take a break or get tired.

    Regardless of how exhausted I am, what I'm thinking about, what I'm looking at, who or whom I talking with/to, what's on the radio, or any of hundreds of other potential distractions, my gears get shifted on-time-every-time (varying of course by driving conditions and intent); more or less automatically.

    I can only assume that folks like wwest are not proficient in driving a stick shift and need to think about the next gear change like "okay, the engine is nearing 3,500 RPMs so maybe I should shift, but oh gee, maybe I should stay in the current gear a little longer for some more acceleration; oops!, too late, I need to take a corner, now, should I downshift one gear, or maybe two, or should I throw it into neutral and coast through the turn..." For drivers like this, I have no doubt they would be better served by driving a car with only two pedals under the dash.

    While I don't know this for a fact, I strongly suspect that the vast majority of individuals accomplished in operating a vehicle equipped with a manual transmission shift more-or-less automatically, like I do, and that precious few (hopefully only one) shift with wwest&#146;s deliberative methodology.
  • bobw3bobw3 Member Posts: 2,989
    Then my honda fit auto with paddle shifters would get better real-world highway driving if on my long road trips I'm just on cruise control in 5th gear, as long as the torque converter doesn't unlock (and I can tell when it does becasue the RPM will start going up slightly and it sound differently). On these types of long highway drives, the auto will beat the manual in MPG. I think when I test drove the 5spd manual Fit it was about 3000rpm at 65mph and with my auto it's only about 2500rpm.

    Funny thing is that I see posts of folks getting in the low 40s MPG on the highway with their manual and the best I've ever got was right at 40mpg highway doing about a constant 65mph. I have a theory about MPG that I'll throw out there:

    Every car has an high MPG they can achieve, not based on the driver, condition, gas, etc, but based on the actual car itself. So if you go two cars with the same gas and put them on the highway on cruise at 60mph in 5th gear for 100 miles, they would use a different amount of gas based on the slight mechanical differences with in the car's components.

    For example, there are given tolerances for all the mechanical componts...pistons, gears, rings, alternators, belts, waterpumps, fuelpumps, etc. The car with the components most precisely manufactured will get the best MPG and probably have the most long term reliabilty. Maybe the water pump works, but is working harder than it should due to friction or wear. This can decrease MPG. Or maybe some brushes on the alternator are having issues, which cause the additional drag on the engine...hence worse MPG. Or the brake caliburs aren't completly releasing. Or there's a tiny amount of friction on other components, not enough to cause major problems, but enough to affect the MPG. I think this is why you have folks reporting in wose than expected MPG, or why some folks get better than expected MPG for the same basic conditions. The same reason why identical engines, water pumps, AC compressors will fail at different times...because in reality they're not identical.

    Another theory I have is that cars getting the best MPG will last the longest. For example, if you're the guy getting lousy MPG with a Honda Fit even though you're careful how you drive, that means there's some internal mechanical issues with the car that will eventually create the need for some sort of repair, while if you get stellar MPG consistently, chances are you'll have less repairs in the future, so if I had a car getting lousy MPG for what it should get, then I'd unload that car as soon as possible.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    An auto's ECU has different priorities, namely emissions and fuel consumption. Being in the right gear is secondary, unless we're talking Porsche Tiptronic.

    With a manual you can choose your own mode, I suppose. Hyper miler, sporty, whatever.
  • shiposhipo Member Posts: 9,148
    How about one more theory, even with the shorter gearing the manual transmission in the Fit is so much more efficient than the automatic that it allows the car to deliver better fuel economy in the real world. I know that's not what you wanted to hear but it seems to be the case over-and-over-and-over again.
  • shiposhipo Member Posts: 9,148
    edited August 2011
    So are you implying that a car with a manual transmission will pollute more and get worse fuel economy than a car with an automatic with an ECU prioritized as you suggested?
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    You may note that those are design flaws resulting from human error that are being "worked around" (fixed..?) via the use of...computers.
  • bobw3bobw3 Member Posts: 2,989
    "How about one more theory, even with the shorter gearing the manual transmission in the Fit is so much more efficient than the automatic that it allows the car to deliver better fuel economy in the real world."

    But why? If the gearing ratio is higher and the torque converter is locked?
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    edited August 2011
    Please don't forget to make that left at the first star.

    "..never-EVER seems..."

    Seems...REALLY...??

    I will willingly admit that on the Autobahn I often found myself in 5th gear cruising merrily along, a glance at the tach and..Oops..upshift. Engine BEHIND me.

    Coming off the track at Daytona someone asked how fast I had gone...I had to answer that I really didn't know, never took the time to look at the speedo or tach, too busy going fast and then slowing for the turns, going fast....

    "..not proficient..."

    Well, maybe, back in the fifties I could never get the hang of which gear to be in with the Ford Ferguson, but with the John Deere, Farmall, and Allis Chamlers I though I did okay. Then there was the summer I drove a dump truck in MT...damn it was hard to downshift a non-synchro, going down a steep grade with a full load.

    I LOVE constant speed props.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    It's like asking "what's the real world MPG" for any car when ALL of us live in a different world insofar as driving variations are concerned.
  • kingdomsakingdomsa Member Posts: 14
    Last year, I bought two new 2010 Elantra's - one a 4sp auto and the other a 5sp manual. At 70mph, the manual revs at 2686 while the auto revs at 2655. Using cruise control on long flat highway only trips - I consistently get 1-2mpg better mileage with the manual. Which is about what the EPA says: manual = 26/35, auto = 26/34.

    Running at highway posted speed +7%, I average 36 with the manual and 34+ with the auto.
  • shiposhipo Member Posts: 9,148
    True, the gear ratio is higher which works (to a very small degree) against the manual, but even with a locked torque converter Automatic transmissions still have three handicaps:

    1) They weigh more
    2) Even with the torque converter locked, there are still fluid pumps and such which rob power from the driven wheels
    3) Due to the layout of the planetary gear sets they are not as mechanically efficient as the gear sets in a manual gearbox.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    A 2010 Elantra with only 4 speeds in an automatic transaxle...behind the times...'WAY behind the times.

    GM product..?
  • xwesxxwesx Member Posts: 17,678
    edited August 2011
    I absolutely agree with you there, Kirstie.

    There are times when one really wouldn't miss a manual, even though I still think having one makes for a more engaging drive. For example, your "clunky" Chevy pickup (being the ancient beast it is at *gasp* ~13 years old!) would be more engaging with a manual, but it would also be a PITA... ergo, you wouldn't miss it. Dial that Chevy back by 30 years and you have my pickup, with a manual, and I wouldn't have it any other way. I don't think I would call it a pain, but it certainly is more work to drive it than any modern equivalent could be.

    Full-size vans are another one - I don't miss not having a manual in one of those. Actually, with my van (another 40-year-old gem!), I don't know if I even *could* drive it with a manual, as it is so much work to drive, it would be challenging to take one hand off the wheel just to shift gears. :P

    I always go for the vehicle's function first, but if there is a manual transmission as an option in the group, those vehicles will make the top of the stack by default. In this day and age, for example, if I was looking for a mini-van (no, not a mini mini-van like a Mazda5), I would have to write a manual off altogether, which I have done before (and it was one of those vehicles where you don't really miss the manual, even if I still would prefer it).
    2018 Subaru Crosstrek, 2014 Audi Q7 TDI, 2013 Subaru Forester, 2013 Ford F250 Lariat D, 1976 Ford F250, 1969 Chevrolet C20, 1969 Ford Econoline 100
  • kingdomsakingdomsa Member Posts: 14
    Yeah, i know, 4sp AT is behind the times. But these were first cars for the college kids - and 2010 was a model year change for the Elantra. I got the manual for $11.5k and the auto for $12.5k - OTD minus TTL - including cruise/ac/power. I am impressed with these cars.
  • Kirstie_HKirstie_H Administrator Posts: 11,242
    Yeah, it's always a toss-up, but for me the deciding factor is whether the vehicle provides any performance value in the manual version - whether it's performance in terms of fun, or performance in terms of better hauling/towing. In the areas we tow/haul (not particularly hilly) and the distance that we haul (usually 100 yds to the boat ramp and back), it doesn't make a difference.

    Plus, this truck happened to be the one that was priced at $5K as a repo. You take those as they come. :)

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  • Mr_ShiftrightMr_Shiftright Member Posts: 64,481
    Don't forget

    1. weather conditions in the car's area of residence
    2. owner exaggerating :P
    3. Basing reports on the car's computer rather than the odometer and a logbook.

    So I would say zip code and a log book can account for a lot of differences.
  • xwesxxwesx Member Posts: 17,678
    You take those as they come.

    Hahaha; yes, you do! I was lucky with my truck, and it just happened to be a 4-speed Muncie. I would have taken it either way.

    I actually prefer my Forester's manual simply because I do use if for towing now and again! On small cars, the manual transmissions can handle more drag without external coolers as compared to the automatic; that becomes important with hauling long distances.
    2018 Subaru Crosstrek, 2014 Audi Q7 TDI, 2013 Subaru Forester, 2013 Ford F250 Lariat D, 1976 Ford F250, 1969 Chevrolet C20, 1969 Ford Econoline 100
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    edited August 2011
    So are you implying that a car with a manual transmission will pollute more and get worse fuel economy than a car with an automatic with an ECU prioritized as you suggested?

    No.

    I am saying that's what it will TRY to do.

    In practice, the infuriated owner senses hesitation and adds more throttle input, more than necessary. The transmission hunts, hesitates, then BOOM you get more acceleration than you wanted.

    The result causes global warming. OK I'm exaggerating, a little.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    "..being in the right gear is secondary..."

    How do you accomplish the priorities you state absent being in the correct gear, ALWAYS.
  • lemmerlemmer Member Posts: 2,689
    FYI - 2011 models have 6-speed autos.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    edited August 2011
    Point is, the driver and the transmission ECU have different priorities.

    Also, the driver has more inputs - they can see what's coming up ahead, a big uphill, a speed bump, a red light. The trans doesn't get these inputs.

    Hence the real-world performance of an automatic isn't as good, no matter how it's programmed.
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    edited August 2011
    ".....different priorities.."

    Do we, really...?

    It seems to me that that the majority of the time I drive my 6 speed I'm more interested, by default, in FE than otherwise. Yes, there are times I like to "get on it", but those are few and far between in comparison. Driving my Ranger PU, 2.3L stick shift. Had I bought it new it wouldn't be a stick.

    1. a big uphill....

    What does a stick shift driver do in that event...? Downshift...? The automatic will do the same thing, only a bit later, and arguably maybe with better timing.

    Oh, almost forgot, truck, RV...big uphill...disable OD.

    2. speed bump.

    With a stick shift you MUST downshift at some point, with an automatic you simply lift then gas pedal.

    3. a red light.

    So you see the red light, or amber, what do you do other than disengage the clutch, and then the apply the brakes...? With the automatic you lift the gas pedal, the engine/transmission goes into full fuel cut and then sequentially downshifts as/if required.
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    Do we

    Absolutely. As I approach a curve, with an autotragic can't see, I downshift before the turn, so I'm ready to accelerate out of it.

    The autobox will wait until after the turn, hesitate a little, then give me the gear I want.

    You already noted the delayed shift when you start going up a hill.

    I don't have to downshift for a speed bump. On my road I can stay in 3rd, let off the gas, engine compression will slow me down, then just get back on the gas.

    As mentioned earlier, the auto goes from 3rd to 4th, then hesitates, and eventually gives me too many revs and 2nd. If I wait a while and use less throttle it'll just shift to 3rd. A lot of unnecessary hunting around for the right gear.

    And sorry but nobody manually shifts a minivan with a gated shifter. Your suggestion to put it in "1" was full of fail - I would get way too many RPMs.
  • xwesxxwesx Member Posts: 17,678
    nobody manually shifts a minivan with a gated shifter

    Well, sure they do, juice. Didn't you get that memo? Get with the times, man! :P
    2018 Subaru Crosstrek, 2014 Audi Q7 TDI, 2013 Subaru Forester, 2013 Ford F250 Lariat D, 1976 Ford F250, 1969 Chevrolet C20, 1969 Ford Econoline 100
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    edited August 2011
    Funny thing is when the 2GR V6 made its way in to the Sienna, some crazies filmed 0-60 acceleration runs, which were right around 7 seconds flat (amazing for a minivan).

    To this day you won't find many 7+ seaters that can match that time, but I thought it was funny that they even cared.

    I want reserve power for passing and carrying loads, not for 0-60. LOL

    For kicks, check it out, it only wastes 7 seconds of your life to watch it:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ-tcgwhKqM

    :D
  • wwestwwest Member Posts: 10,706
    edited August 2011
    "..as I approach a curve..."

    Speaking of which...

    I90 through poorly populated Idaho has a 75 MPH stretch through a mountainous region with lots of sweeping curves. I often set my CC to 80ish but get a little uncomfortable not being in control as I approach what is at that speed (no traffic, enter low, exit high) a fairly tight curve.

    So I step lightly/quickly on/off the brake to kill the CC throughout the curve and then re-engage CC at the exit. Now with DBW I have often thought it would be a better CC design to simply let me assume control of speed if I depress the accelerator pedal to the level, range, that would otherwise attain a roadspeed within say 10MPH of the CC setting. Lift off the gas pedal, CC automatically "resumes".

    Oh, no issue of the need to downshift from 6th as long as there is no additional traffic to be contended with.
  • xwesxxwesx Member Posts: 17,678
    That's fun. The old 3.8L w/ 4-speed that I had in my '98 DGC would move it pretty quick, too, if I wanted it to. I could even get it to cut the tires loose for just a brief moment as the AWD kicked in, but I really had to get on it. I was more interested in longevity of the drivetrain on that rig, though, so I was fairly sedate with it in terms of acceleration. I did like to toss it through the curves, though. For a minivan, it handled pretty well.

    The folks that bought that van (I sold it with 215K on it) still have it and use it daily. I tried to get the odo reading out of them a couple months ago when I spotted it at a light, but the light was green and we started moving before they could relay the number.

    I had a coworker a few years back whose family had a second gen Chrysler van with a manual transmission! I rode in it a few times, and that just seemed odd to me, but a nice novelty just the same. :)
    2018 Subaru Crosstrek, 2014 Audi Q7 TDI, 2013 Subaru Forester, 2013 Ford F250 Lariat D, 1976 Ford F250, 1969 Chevrolet C20, 1969 Ford Econoline 100
  • xwesxxwesx Member Posts: 17,678
    I love that stretch of I-90! That was the one stretch of road in the 11,000 miles I drove my '69 C20 back in 1999 where I drove faster than 65 mph, just because those tight curves (for an interstate) were so much fun. For that brief stretch, I decided fuel economy would just have to play second fiddle. :D
    2018 Subaru Crosstrek, 2014 Audi Q7 TDI, 2013 Subaru Forester, 2013 Ford F250 Lariat D, 1976 Ford F250, 1969 Chevrolet C20, 1969 Ford Econoline 100
  • ateixeiraateixeira Member Posts: 72,587
    The Sienna can easily chirp the tires, I'm sure the long wheelbase and weight transfer exacerbates that issue. Traction control kicks in early and often.
  • kyfdxkyfdx Moderator Posts: 265,440
    Of course, a 4-cylinder automatic Camry can also chirp the tires... don't ask me how I know... :blush:

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  • andres3andres3 Member Posts: 13,925
    Speaking of chirping tires, I think rentals tend to have the cheapest of the cheap tires you can get, which makes them chirp with less effort than a normal to high quality tire would.
    '18 Porsche Macan Turbo, '16 Audi TTS, Wife's '19 VW Tiguan SEL 4-Motion
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